{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T16:08:30Z","timestamp":1790784510999,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,8,1]],"date-time":"2002-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1028160000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Several Etest (AB BIODISK, Solna, Sweden) gradient formats were developed for detection of metallo-\u03b2-lactamases based on the reduction of imipenem (IP) or ceftazidime (TZ) MICs in the presence of EDTA or 2-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA). The Etest metallo-\u03b2-lactamase (Etest MBL) strips consisted of a double-sided seven-dilution range of IP or TZ (4 to 256 \u03bcg\/ml) and IP or TZ (1 to 64 \u03bcg\/ml) overlaid with a constant concentration of EDTA or MPA. The prototype strips were evaluated on several agar media (brain heart infusion agar, Isosensitest agar, nutrient agar, and Mueller-Hinton agar for aerobes and brucella blood agar for anaerobes) with 138 challenge strains:\n            <jats:italic>Acinetobacter<\/jats:italic>\n            spp. (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 9),\n            <jats:italic>Aeromonas<\/jats:italic>\n            spp. (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 8),\n            <jats:italic>Chryseobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n            spp. (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 28),\n            <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n            (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 1),\n            <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n            (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 4),\n            <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n            (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 14),\n            <jats:italic>Proteus mirabilis<\/jats:italic>\n            (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 3),\n            <jats:italic>Serratia<\/jats:italic>\n            spp. (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 10),\n            <jats:italic>Stenotrophomonas maltophilia<\/jats:italic>\n            (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 43),\n            <jats:italic>Sphingobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n            spp. (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 3), and\n            <jats:italic>Bacteroides fragilis<\/jats:italic>\n            group (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 15). PCR analysis using specific primers for IMP-1, L1, CcrA, and\n            <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>B\/C<\/jats:sub>\n            confirmed the presence of the metallo-\u03b2-lactamase genes. Enzyme assays were also performed with IP as an indicator substrate followed by EDTA inhibition profiles. EDTA was found to be a better inhibitor of metallo-\u03b2-lactamases, especially for anaerobes. IP was a better than TZ. Mueller-Hinton agar was the preferred medium, particularly when compared to Isosensitest agar, which frequently produced falsely low MICs for IP. Etest IP plus IP-EDTA with Mueller-Hinton agar had a sensitivity of 94% (79 of 84) and specificity of 95% (124 of 130). The Etest MBL strip appears to be an acceptable diagnostic reagent to detect metallo-\u03b2-lactamase phenotypes in the clinical microbiology laboratory.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.40.8.2755-2759.2002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,1]],"date-time":"2002-10-01T19:36:19Z","timestamp":1033500979000},"page":"2755-2759","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":171,"title":["Evaluation of a New Etest for Detecting Metallo-\u03b2-Lactamases in Routine Clinical Testing"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Timothy R.","family":"Walsh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Bolmstro\u0308m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AB BIODISK, Solna, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anette","family":"Qwa\u0308rnstro\u0308m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AB BIODISK, Solna, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Gales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1980.0049"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","first-page":"40","volume":"38","year":"2001","unstructured":"Arakawa, Y., N. Shibata, K. Shibayama, H. Kurokawa, T. Yagi, H. Fujiwara, and M. Goto. 2001. Convenient test for screening metallo-\u03b2-lactamase-producing gram-negative bacteria by using thiol compounds. J. Clin. Microbiol.38:40-43.","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.45.2.413-419.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","first-page":"127","volume":"171","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bellais, S., S. Leotard L. Poirel, T. Naas, and P. Nordmann. 1999. Molecular characterization of a carbapenem-hydrolyzing \u03b2-lactamase from Chryseobacterium (Flavobacterium) indologenes. FEMS Microbiol Lett.171:127-132.","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Lett."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.44.11.3028-3034.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-8579(98)00094-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","first-page":"S48","volume":"2","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bush, K. 1998. 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