{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T03:09:33Z","timestamp":1761016173819},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,8,1]],"date-time":"2002-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1028160000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            In October 2001, a letter containing a large number of anthrax spores was sent through the Brentwood post office in Washington, D.C., to a United States Senate office on Capitol Hill, resulting in contamination in both places. Several thousand people who worked at these sites were screened for spore exposure by collecting nasal swab samples. We describe here a screening protocol which we, as a level A laboratory, used on very short notice to process a large number of specimens (3,936 swabs) in order to report preliminary results as quickly as possible. Six isolates from our screening met preliminary criteria for\n            <jats:italic>Bacillus anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n            identification and were referred for definitive testing. Although none of the isolates was later confirmed to be\n            <jats:italic>B. anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n            , we studied these isolates further to define their biochemical characteristics and 16S rRNA sequences. Four of the six isolates were identified as\n            <jats:italic>Bacillus megaterium<\/jats:italic>\n            , one was identified as\n            <jats:italic>Bacillus cereus<\/jats:italic>\n            , and one was an unidentifiable\n            <jats:italic>Bacillus<\/jats:italic>\n            sp. Our results suggest that large-scale nasal-swab screening for potential exposure to anthrax spores, particularly if not done immediately postexposure, may not be very effective for detecting\n            <jats:italic>B. anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n            but may detect a number of\n            <jats:italic>Bacillus<\/jats:italic>\n            spp. that are phenotypically very similar to\n            <jats:italic>B. anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n            .\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.40.8.3012-3016.2002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,1]],"date-time":"2002-10-01T19:36:19Z","timestamp":1033500979000},"page":"3012-3016","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Large-Scale Screening of Nasal Swabs for\n            <i>Bacillus anthracis<\/i>\n            : Descriptive Summary and Discussion of the National Institutes of Health's Experience"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Pattarachai","family":"Kiratisin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Warren Grant Magnuson Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caroline D.","family":"Fukuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Warren Grant Magnuson Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Warren Grant Magnuson Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frida","family":"Stock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Warren Grant Magnuson Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeanne C.","family":"Preuss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Warren Grant Magnuson Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Ediger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Warren Grant Magnuson Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Trupti N.","family":"Brahmbhatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pathology Service, National Naval Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland 20889"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steven H.","family":"Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Warren Grant Magnuson Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel P.","family":"Fedorko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Warren Grant Magnuson Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frank G.","family":"Witebsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Warren Grant Magnuson Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vee J.","family":"Gill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Warren Grant Magnuson Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-41-3-343"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1980.tb18910.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention American Society for Microbiology and Association of Public Health Laboratories. 18 March 2002 revision date. Basic diagnostic testing protocols for level A laboratories for the presumptive identification of Bacillus anthracis . [Online.] American Society for Microbiology Washington D.C. http:\/\/www.asmusa.org\/pcsrc\/ban.asm.la.cp.031802.pdf\n."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","first-page":"1","volume":"43","year":"2000","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2000. Biological and chemical terrorism: strategic plan for preparedness and response; recommendations of the CDC Strategic Planning Workgroup 2000. Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep.43:1-14.","journal-title":"Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","first-page":"69","volume":"48","year":"1999","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1999. Bioterrorism alleging use of anthrax and interim guidelines for management\u2014United States, 1998. Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep.48:69-74.","journal-title":"Morb. Mortal. Wkly. 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