{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T00:12:08Z","timestamp":1792714328987,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,9,1]],"date-time":"2002-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1030838400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The sixth pandemic of cholera and, presumably, the earlier pandemics were caused by the classical biotype of\n            <jats:italic>Vibrio cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n            O1, which was progressively replaced by the El Tor biotype representing the seventh cholera pandemic. Although the classical biotype of\n            <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n            O1 is extinct, even in southern Bangladesh, the last of the niches where this biotype prevailed, we have identified new varieties of\n            <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n            O1, of the El Tor biotype with attributes of the classical biotype, from hospitalized patients with acute diarrhea in Bangladesh. Twenty-four strains of\n            <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n            O1 isolated between 1991 and 1994 from hospitalized patients with acute diarrhea in Matlab, a rural area of Bangladesh, were examined for the phenotypic and genotypic traits that distinguish the two biotypes of\n            <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n            O1. Standard reference strains of\n            <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n            O1 belonging to the classical and El Tor biotypes were used as controls in all of the tests. The phenotypic traits commonly used to distinguish between the El Tor and classical biotypes, including polymyxin B sensitivity, chicken cell agglutination, type of\n            <jats:italic>tcpA<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>rstR<\/jats:italic>\n            genes, and restriction patterns of conserved rRNA genes (ribotypes), differentiated the 24 strains of toxigenic\n            <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n            O1 into three types designated the Matlab types. Although all of the strains belonged to ribotypes that have been previously found among El Tor vibrios, type I strains had more traits of the classical biotype while type II and III strains appeared to be more like the El Tor biotype but had some classical biotype properties. These results suggest that, although the classical and El Tor biotypes have different lineages, there are possible naturally occurring genetic hybrids between the classical and El Tor biotypes that can cause cholera and thus provide new insight into the epidemiology of cholera in Bangladesh. Furthermore, the existence of such novel strains may have implications for the development of a cholera vaccine.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.40.9.3296-3299.2002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,8,29]],"date-time":"2002-08-29T19:27:50Z","timestamp":1030649270000},"page":"3296-3299","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":246,"title":["New Variants of\n            <i>Vibrio cholerae<\/i>\n            O1 Biotype El Tor with Attributes of the Classical Biotype from Hospitalized Patients with Acute Diarrhea in Bangladesh"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"G. Balakrish","family":"Nair","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Sciences Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shah M.","family":"Faruque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Sciences Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N. A.","family":"Bhuiyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Sciences Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Kamruzzaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Sciences Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. K.","family":"Siddique","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Sciences Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Sack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Sciences Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bart K. J. Z. Huq M. Khan and W. H. Mosley. 1970. Seroepidemiologic studies during a simultaneous epidemic of infection with El Tor Ogawa and classical Inaba Vibrio cholerae . J. Infect. Dis. 121(Suppl.) : S17-S24.","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/121.Supplement.S17"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.3.581-590.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1995.tb06993.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.34.6.1453-1461.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0147-619X(81)90058-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.66.9.4022-4028.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)92811-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/158.1.60"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.042667999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.62.4.1301-1314.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.31.9.2513-2516.1993"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/315807"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.5.1313-1318.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(84)90381-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.176.20.6199-6206.1994"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.177.11.3191-3198.1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.3.1947-1952.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)90792-F"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.12.7035"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2000.01764.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Manning P. A. U. H. Stroeher and R. Morona. 1994. Molecular basis for O-antigen biosynthesis in Vibrio cholerae : Ogawa-Inaba switching p. 77-94. In I. K. Wachsmuth P. A. Blake and O. Olsvik (ed.) Vibrio cholerae and cholera: molecular to global perspectives. ASM Press Washington D.C.","DOI":"10.1128\/9781555818364.ch6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00222615-30-2-137"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.2000.0358"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/169.5.1029"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Samadi A. R. N. Shahid A. Eusuf M. Yunus M. I. Huq M. U. Khan A. S. M. M. Rahman and A. S. G. Faruque. 1983. Classical Vibrio cholerae biotype displaces El Tor in Bangladesh. Lancet i : 805-807.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(83)91860-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","first-page":"1125","volume":"337","year":"1975","unstructured":"Siddique, A. K., A. H. Baqui, A. Eusof, K. Haider, M. A. Hossain, I. Bashir, and K. Zaman. 1975. Survival of classic cholera in Bangladesh. Lancet337:1125-1127.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(75)80083-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.22.10374"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/mpat.1993.1076"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wachsmuth K. O. Olsvik G. M. Evins and T. Popovic. 1994. Molecular epidemiology of cholera p. 357-370. In I. K. Wachsmuth P. A. Blake and O. Olsvik (ed.) Vibrio cholerae and cholera: molecular to global perspectives. ASM Press Washington D.C.","DOI":"10.1128\/9781555818364.ch23"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1999.tb08716.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","first-page":"403","volume":"131","year":"1972","unstructured":"Zinnaka, Y., and C. C. Carpenter, Jr. 1972. An enterotoxin produced by noncholera vibrios. Johns Hopkins Med. J.131:403-411.","journal-title":"J."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JCM.40.9.3296-3299.2002","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JCM.40.9.3296-3299.2002","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,5]],"date-time":"2022-03-05T02:00:34Z","timestamp":1646445634000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/JCM.40.9.3296-3299.2002"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,9]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/JCM.40.9.3296-3299.2002"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jcm.40.9.3296-3299.2002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0095-1137","1098-660X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0095-1137","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-660X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2002-05-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2002-06-22","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2002-09-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}