{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T13:07:42Z","timestamp":1792674462126,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,9,1]],"date-time":"2002-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1030838400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Malassezia<\/jats:italic>\n            fungi have been the suspected cause of dandruff for more than a century. Previously referred to as\n            <jats:italic>Pityrosporum ovale<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>Pityrosporum orbiculare<\/jats:italic>\n            , or\n            <jats:italic>Malassezia<\/jats:italic>\n            , these fungi are now known to consist of at least seven\n            <jats:italic>Malassezia<\/jats:italic>\n            species. Each species has a specific ecological niche, as well as specific biochemical and genetic characteristics.\n            <jats:italic>Malassezia<\/jats:italic>\n            yeasts have fastidious culture conditions and exceedingly different growth rates. Therefore, the results of surveys of\n            <jats:italic>Malassezia<\/jats:italic>\n            based on culture methods can be difficult to interpret. We developed a molecular technique, terminal fragment length polymorphism analysis, to more accurately survey the ecology of\n            <jats:italic>Malassezia<\/jats:italic>\n            yeasts without bias from culture. This technique involves fluorescent nested PCR of the intergenic transcribed spacer (ITS) ITS I and ITS II region ribosomal gene clusters. All known\n            <jats:italic>Malassezia<\/jats:italic>\n            species can be differentiated by unique ITS fragment lengths. We have used this technique to directly analyze scalp samples from subjects enrolled in a demographic scalp health study. Results for subjects assigned composite adherent scalp flaking scores (ASFS) &lt;10 were compared to those for subjects assigned composite ASFS &gt;24.\n            <jats:italic>Malassezia restricta<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>M. globosa<\/jats:italic>\n            were found to be the predominant\n            <jats:italic>Malassezia<\/jats:italic>\n            species present in both groups. Importantly, we found no evidence of\n            <jats:italic>M. furfur<\/jats:italic>\n            in either group, indicating that\n            <jats:italic>M. furfur<\/jats:italic>\n            can be eliminated as the causal organism for dandruff. Both groups also showed the presence of non-\n            <jats:italic>Malassezia<\/jats:italic>\n            fungi. This method, particularly when it is used in combination with existing fungal ITS databases, is expected to be useful in the diagnosis of multiple other fungal infections.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.40.9.3350-3357.2002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,8,29]],"date-time":"2002-08-29T19:27:50Z","timestamp":1030649270000},"page":"3350-3357","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":164,"title":["Fast, Noninvasive Method for Molecular Detection and Differentiation of\n            <i>Malassezia<\/i>\n            Yeast Species on Human Skin and Application of the Method to Dandruff Microbiology"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Christina M.","family":"Gemmer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Procter &amp; Gamble Company, Cincinnati, Ohio 45252"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yvonne M.","family":"DeAngelis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Procter &amp; Gamble Company, Cincinnati, Ohio 45252"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bart","family":"Theelen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yeast Division, Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teun","family":"Boekhout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yeast Division, Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Thomas L.","family":"Dawson,","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Procter &amp; Gamble Company, Cincinnati, Ohio 45252"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01963467"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5520(20)30311-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007017917230"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000051548"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0723-2020(11)80043-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/m93-040"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02681219880000581"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007132830164"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199803123381102"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.11.4042-4051.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","first-page":"143","volume":"9","year":"1999","unstructured":"Crespo, E. 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