{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T02:22:45Z","timestamp":1793931765356,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,1]],"date-time":"2003-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1041379200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            We have previously shown that a thickened cell wall is responsible for the vancomycin resistance of vancomycin-resistant\n            <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n            (VRSA) (equivalent to vancomycin-intermediate\n            <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n            and glycopeptide-intermediate\n            <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n            ) strain Mu50 (L. Cui, H. Murakami, K. Kuwahara-Arai, H. Hanaki, and K. Hiramatsu, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 44:2276-2285, 2000). However, the mechanism of vancomycin resistance in other VRSA strains remained unclear. In this study, 16 clinical VRSA strains from seven countries were subjected to serial daily passage in drug-free medium. After 10 to 84 days of passage in the nonselective medium, passage-derived strains with decreased MICs of vancomycin (MIC, &lt;4 mg\/liter) were obtained. However, all of the passage-derived strains except one (15 of 16) still possessed subpopulations that were resistant to vancomycin as judged by population analysis, and vancomycin-resistant mutant strains were selected from the passage-derived strains by one-step vancomycin selection with a frequency of 4.25 \u00d7 10\n            <jats:sup>\u22126<\/jats:sup>\n            to 1.64 \u00d7 10\n            <jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup>\n            . The data indicated that vancomycin-resistant cells are frequently generated from the passage-derived strains even after vancomycin selective pressure is lifted. Cell wall thicknesses and MICs of glycopeptides (vancomycin and teicoplanin) and beta-lactams (imipenem and oxacillin) were determined for a total of 48 strains, including 15 sets of three strains: the clinical VRSA strain, the passage-derived strain, and the vancomycin-resistant mutant strain obtained from the passage-derived strain. No simple correlation between glycopeptide and beta-lactam MICs was seen, while significant correlations between MICs of vancomycin and teicoplanin (\n            <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n            = 0.679;\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt; 0.001) and between MICs of imipenem and oxacillin (\n            <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n            = 0.787;\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt; 0.001) were recognized. Moreover, all of the VRSA strains had significantly thickened cell walls, which became thinner with the loss of vancomycin resistance during drug-free passages and again became thick in the resistant mutant strains. The data showed that cell wall thickness had high correlation with the MICs of the two glycopeptides (correlation coefficients, 0.908 for vancomycin and 0.655 for teicoplanin) but not with those of the beta-lactam antibiotics tested. These results together with coupled changes of cell wall thickness and vancomycin MICs in 16 isogenic sets of strains indicate that thickening of the cell wall is a common phenotype of clinical VRSA strains and may be a phenotypic determinant for vancomycin resistance in\n            <jats:italic>S. aureus.<\/jats:italic>\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.41.1.5-14.2003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,7]],"date-time":"2003-01-07T18:03:11Z","timestamp":1041962591000},"page":"5-14","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":421,"title":["Cell Wall Thickening Is a Common Feature of Vancomycin Resistance in\n            <i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Longzhu","family":"Cui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoxue","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katsuhiro","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electron Microscopy Center, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keiko","family":"Okuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fred C.","family":"Tenover","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Health Care Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elsa M.","family":"Mamizuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sa\u0303o Paulo, Sa\u0303o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Curtis G.","family":"Gemmell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology, Medical School, University of Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mi-Na","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie-Cecile","family":"Ploy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department de Bacteriology, Virology, Hygiene, CHU Dupuytren, 87042 Limoges"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"El Solh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"French National Reference Centre for Staphylococci, Unite of Staphylocoques, Institute Pasteur, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vivian","family":"Ferraz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, South African Institute for Medical Research and University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keiichi","family":"Hiramatsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.45.4.1292-1294.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.44.2.272-277.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.45.1.280-287.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.286.5448.2361"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/45.6.887"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.44.9.2276-2285.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","first-page":"1113.","volume":"90","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ferraz, V., A. Duse, M. Kassel, A. Black, T. Ito, and K. Hiramatsu. 2000. Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus occurs in South Africa. S. Afr. Med. J.90:1113.","journal-title":"S. Afr. Med. J."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.1.24-30.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/317542"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0706.010618"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/42.2.199"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/42.3.315"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(98)00149-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1368-7646(98)80029-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(01)00091-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)07324-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","unstructured":"Hiramatsu K. T. Ito and H. Hanaki. 1999. Mechanisms of methicillin and vancomycin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus p. 211-242. In W. R. G. Finch and R. J. Williams (ed.) Bailliere's clinical infectious diseases vol. 5. Bailliere Tindall London United Kingdom."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-4453(00)80041-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.10.3879-3881.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/501932"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/48.6.941"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","unstructured":"Prescott L. J. Harley and D. Klein. 1990. Microbial growth p. 110-114. In K. Kane (ed.) Microbiology. Wm. C. Brown Publisher Dubuque Iowa."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","first-page":"385","volume":"16","year":"1990","unstructured":"Reynolds, P., and E. Somner. 1990. Comparison of the target sites and mechanisms of action of glycopeptide and lipoglycodepsipeptide antibiotics. Drugs Exp. Clin. Res.16:385-389.","journal-title":"Drugs Exp. Clin. Res."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.27.18942"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199902183400704"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199902183400701"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02347728"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.33.9.2233-2239.1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-6701(99)90060-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0702.010237"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.36.4.1020-1027.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.284.5413.442"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0732-8893(99)00141-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.134.2.555-561.1978"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.1997.tb01912.x"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JCM.41.1.5-14.2003","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JCM.41.1.5-14.2003","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,5]],"date-time":"2022-03-05T02:15:09Z","timestamp":1646446509000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/JCM.41.1.5-14.2003"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,1]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/JCM.41.1.5-14.2003"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jcm.41.1.5-14.2003","relation":{},"ISSN":["0095-1137","1098-660X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0095-1137","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-660X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2002-05-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2002-10-10","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2003-01-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}