{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T21:40:48Z","timestamp":1770500448512,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,2,1]],"date-time":"2003-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1044057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Candida glabrata<\/jats:italic>\n            has emerged in recent years as a significant cause of systemic fungal infection. We have previously reported on the first three patients receiving radiation for head and neck cancer to develop oropharyngeal candidiasis due to\n            <jats:italic>C. glabrata<\/jats:italic>\n            . The goal of this study was to track the development of increased fluconazole resistance in\n            <jats:italic>C. glabrata<\/jats:italic>\n            isolates and to evaluate previously described genetic mechanisms associated with this resistance from one of these three patients. The patient was a 52-year-old man with squamous cell carcinoma treated with radiation. At week 7 of his radiation, he developed oropharyngeal candidiasis, which was treated with 200 mg of fluconazole daily for 2 weeks. Serial cultures from this and three subsequent time points yielded\n            <jats:italic>C. glabrata<\/jats:italic>\n            . Isolates from these cultures were subjected to antifungal susceptibility testing, DNA karyotyping, and evaluation of the expression of genes previously associated with\n            <jats:italic>C. glabrata<\/jats:italic>\n            resistance to fluconazole,\n            <jats:italic>CgCDR1<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>CgCDR2<\/jats:italic>\n            , and\n            <jats:italic>CgERG11<\/jats:italic>\n            . Two strains (A and B) of\n            <jats:italic>C. glabrata<\/jats:italic>\n            were identified and found to display different patterns of resistance development and gene expression. Strain A developed resistance over a 2-week period and showed no overexpression of these genes. In contrast, strain B first showed resistance 6 weeks after fluconazole therapy was discontinued but showed overexpression of all three genes. In conclusion, development of resistance to fluconazole by\n            <jats:italic>C. glabrata<\/jats:italic>\n            is a highly varied process involving multiple molecular mechanisms.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.41.2.619-622.2003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,2,6]],"date-time":"2003-02-06T20:03:31Z","timestamp":1044561811000},"page":"619-622","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Multiple Patterns of Resistance to Fluconazole in\n            <i>Candida glabrata<\/i>\n            Isolates from a Patient with Oropharyngeal Candidiasis Receiving Head and Neck Radiation"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Spencer W.","family":"Redding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Dentistry"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William R.","family":"Kirkpatrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Saville","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brent J.","family":"Coco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Dentistry"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annette","family":"Fothergill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Rinaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tony","family":"Eng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas Health Science Center and The South Texas Veterans Healthcare System, San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas F.","family":"Patterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jose","family":"Lopez-Ribot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s100960050255"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s100960000323"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.81.7.1991"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00222615-48-10-955"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clind\/16.3.377"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.30.12.3138-3145.1992"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.12.1.80"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.1998.tb00347.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345990780040601"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.42.11.2932"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.30.10.2674-2679.1992"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.41.10.2229"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","unstructured":"National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. 1997. Reference method for broth dilution antifungal susceptibility testing of yeasts; approved standard. NCCLS document M27-A. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards Wayne Pa."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.6.1695-1703.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.12.3896-3900.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1754-4505.2000.tb00015.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001432-200112000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.5.1879-1881.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.39.11.2378"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-143-2-405"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.43.11.2753"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.45.4.1174-1183.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","unstructured":"Sanglard D. and J. Bille. 2002. Action of and resistance to antifungal agents p. 349-383. In R. A. Calderone (ed.) Candida and candidiasis. ASM Press Washington D.C."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JCM.41.2.619-622.2003","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JCM.41.2.619-622.2003","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,5]],"date-time":"2022-03-05T02:17:20Z","timestamp":1646446640000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/JCM.41.2.619-622.2003"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,2]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/JCM.41.2.619-622.2003"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jcm.41.2.619-622.2003","relation":{},"ISSN":["0095-1137","1098-660X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0095-1137","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-660X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2002-08-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2002-11-08","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2003-02-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}