{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T21:22:27Z","timestamp":1790716947038,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,1]],"date-time":"2003-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1049155200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The recognition of\n                    <jats:italic>Moraxella catarrhalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    as an important cause of respiratory tract infections has been protracted, mainly because it is a frequent commensal organism of the upper respiratory tract and the diagnostic sensitivity of blood or pleural fluid culture is low. Given that the amount of\n                    <jats:italic>M. catarrhalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    bacteria in the upper respiratory tract may change during infection, quantification of these bacteria in nasopharyngeal secretions (NPSs) by real-time PCR may offer a suitable diagnostic approach. Using primers and a fluorescent probe specific for the\n                    <jats:italic>copB<\/jats:italic>\n                    outer membrane protein gene, we detected DNA from serial dilutions of\n                    <jats:italic>M. catarrhalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    cells corresponding to 1 to 10\n                    <jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\n                    cells. Importantly, there was no difference in the amplification efficiency when the same DNA was mixed with DNA from NPSs devoid of\n                    <jats:italic>M. catarrhalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The specificity of the reaction was further confirmed by the lack of amplification of DNAs from other\n                    <jats:italic>Moraxella<\/jats:italic>\n                    species, nontypeable\n                    <jats:italic>Haemophilus influenzae<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>H. influenzae<\/jats:italic>\n                    type b,\n                    <jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Streptococcus oralis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Streptococcus pyogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Bordetella pertussis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Corynebacterium diphtheriae<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and various\n                    <jats:italic>Neisseria<\/jats:italic>\n                    species. The assay applied to NPSs from 184 patients with respiratory tract infections performed with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of up to 98% compared to the culture results. The numbers of\n                    <jats:italic>M. catarrhalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    organisms detected by real-time PCR correlated with the numbers detected by semiquantitative culture. This real-time PCR assay targeting the\n                    <jats:italic>copB<\/jats:italic>\n                    outer membrane protein gene provided a sensitive and reliable means for the rapid detection and quantification of\n                    <jats:italic>M. catarrhalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    in NPSs; may serve as a tool to study changes in the amounts of\n                    <jats:italic>M. catarrhalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    during lower respiratory tract infections or following vaccination against\n                    <jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>H. influenzae<\/jats:italic>\n                    , or\n                    <jats:italic>N. meningitidis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ; and may be applied to other clinical samples.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.41.4.1386-1390.2003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,7]],"date-time":"2003-04-07T16:34:54Z","timestamp":1049733294000},"page":"1386-1390","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Quantitative Detection of\n                    <i>Moraxella catarrhalis<\/i>\n                    in Nasopharyngeal Secretions by Real-Time PCR"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Oliver","family":"Greiner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip J. 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