{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T16:09:19Z","timestamp":1790784559672,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,1]],"date-time":"2003-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1049155200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Production of extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamases (ESBLs) is an important mechanism of \u03b2-lactam resistance in\n            <jats:italic>Enterobacteriaceae<\/jats:italic>\n            . Identification of ESBLs based on phenotypic tests is the strategy most commonly used in clinical microbiology laboratories. The Phoenix ESBL test (BD Diagnostic Systems, Sparks, Md.) is a recently developed automated system for detection of ESBL-producing gram-negative bacteria. An algorithm based on phenotypic responses to a panel of cephalosporins (ceftazidime plus clavulanic acid, ceftazidime, cefotaxime plus clavulanic acid, cefpodoxime, and ceftriaxone plus clavulanic acid) was used to test 510 clinical isolates of\n            <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>Klebsiella oxytoca<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>Proteus mirabilis<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>Providencia stuartii<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>Morganella morganii<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>Enterobacter aerogenes<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>Enterobacter cloacae<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>Serratia marcescens<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>Citrobacter freundii<\/jats:italic>\n            , and\n            <jats:italic>Citrobacter koseri<\/jats:italic>\n            . Of these isolates, 319 were identified as ESBL producers, and the remaining 191 were identified as non-ESBL producers based on the results of current phenotypic tests. Combined use of isoelectric focusing, PCR, and\/or DNA sequencing demonstrated that 288 isolates possessed\n            <jats:italic>\n              bla\n              <jats:sub>TEM-1<\/jats:sub>\n            <\/jats:italic>\n            - and\/or\n            <jats:italic>\n              bla\n              <jats:sub>SHV-1<\/jats:sub>\n            <\/jats:italic>\n            -derived genes, and 28 had a\n            <jats:italic>\n              bla\n              <jats:sub>CTX-M<\/jats:sub>\n            <\/jats:italic>\n            gene. Among the 191 non-ESBL-producing isolates, 77 isolates produced an AmpC-type enzyme, 110 isolates possessed TEM-1, TEM-2, or SHV-1 \u03b2-lactamases, and the remaining four isolates (all\n            <jats:italic>K. oxytoca<\/jats:italic>\n            strains) hyperproduced K1 chromosomal \u03b2-lactamase. The Phoenix ESBL test system gave positive results for all the 319 ESBL-producing isolates and also for two of the four K1-hyperproducing isolates of\n            <jats:italic>K. oxytoca<\/jats:italic>\n            . Compared with the phenotypic tests and molecular analyses, the Phoenix system displayed 100% sensitivity and 98.9% specificity. These findings suggest that the Phoenix ESBL test can be a rapid and reliable method for laboratory detection of ESBL resistance in gram-negative bacteria.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.41.4.1463-1468.2003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,7]],"date-time":"2003-04-07T20:34:54Z","timestamp":1049747694000},"page":"1463-1468","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Characterization of Clinical Isolates of\n            <i>Enterobacteriaceae<\/i>\n            from Italy by the BD Phoenix Extended-Spectrum \u03b2-Lactamase Detection Method"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Maurizio","family":"Sanguinetti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto di Microbiologia, Universita\u0300 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brunella","family":"Posteraro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto di Microbiologia, Universita\u0300 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Spanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto di Microbiologia, Universita\u0300 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Ciccaglione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto di Microbiologia, Universita\u0300 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucio","family":"Romano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto di Microbiologia, Universita\u0300 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Fiori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto di Microbiologia, Universita\u0300 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Nicoletti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Microbiologiche e Ginecologiche, Sezione di Microbiologia, Universita\u0300 di Catania, Catania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefania","family":"Zanetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Sezione di Microbiologia Sperimentale e Clinica, Universita\u0300 di Sassari, Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Fadda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto di Microbiologia, Universita\u0300 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/45.2.183"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.14.4.933-951.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.42.8.1980"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/319610"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.39.6.1211"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.11.4228-4232.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0732-8893(00)00152-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/40.4.533"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.35.9.1697"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/10.4.867"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","unstructured":"Jorgensen J. H. J. D. Turnidge and J. A. Washington. 1999. Antibacterial susceptibility tests: dilution and disk diffusion methods p. 1526-1577. In P. R. Murray E. J. Baron M. A. Pfaller F. C. Tenover and R. H Yolken (ed.) Manual of clinical microbiology 7th ed. American Society for Microbiology Washington D.C."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.32.3.691-696.1994"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.8.4.557"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/41.suppl_4.25"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/48.suppl_1.59"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/38.3.409"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","first-page":"629","volume":"17","year":"1998","unstructured":"Luzzaro, F., M. Perilli, R. Migliavacca, G. Lombardi, P. Micheletti, A. Agodi, S. Stefani, G. Amicosante, and L. Pagani. 1998. Repeated epidemics caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Serratia marcescens strains. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis.17:629-636.","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-88-1-169"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/45.6.881"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","unstructured":"National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. 2000. Methods for dilution antimicrobial susceptibility tests for bacteria that grow aerobically. Approved standard M7-A5 and informational supplement M100-S10. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards Wayne Pa."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","unstructured":"National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. 2000. Performance standards for antimicrobial disk susceptibility tests 7th ed. Approved standard M2-A7 (M100-S10). National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards Wayne Pa."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","unstructured":"National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. 2002. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; twelfth informational supplement. M100-S12. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards Wayne Pa."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.45.2.616-620.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.2.611-614.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.33.8.1131"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2002.tb11126.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.34.12.2997-3001.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.36.9.2575-2579.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.1.196-202.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.8.2864-2872.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.36.9.1877"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.43.6.1393"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.42.7.1671"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JCM.41.4.1463-1468.2003","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JCM.41.4.1463-1468.2003","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,5]],"date-time":"2022-03-05T02:17:07Z","timestamp":1646446627000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/JCM.41.4.1463-1468.2003"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,4]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/JCM.41.4.1463-1468.2003"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jcm.41.4.1463-1468.2003","relation":{},"ISSN":["0095-1137","1098-660X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0095-1137","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-660X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2002-08-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2002-12-30","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2003-04-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}