{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T06:03:57Z","timestamp":1791266637249,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,5,1]],"date-time":"2003-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1051747200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Coxiella burnetii<\/jats:italic>is an obligate intracellular bacterium. The inability to cultivate this organism on axenic medium has made calculation of infectious units challenging and prevents the use of conventional antibiotic susceptibility assays. A rapid and reliable real-time PCR assay was developed to quantify<jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic>cells from J774.16 mouse macrophage cells and was applied to antibiotic susceptibility testing of<jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic>Nine Mile, phase I. For calculation of bacterial replication, real-time PCR performed equally as well as immunofluorescent-antibody (IFA) assay when J774.16 cells were infected with 10-fold serial dilutions of<jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic>and was significantly (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.05) more repeatable than IFA when 2-fold dilutions were used. Newly infected murine macrophage-like J774.16 cells were treated with 8 \u03bcg of chloramphenicol per ml, 4 \u03bcg of tetracycline per ml, 4 \u03bcg of rifampin per ml, 4 \u03bcg of ampicillin per ml, or 1 \u03bcg of ciprofloxacin per ml. After 6 days of treatment, tetracycline, rifampin, and ampicillin significantly (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.01) inhibited the replication of<jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic>, while chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin did not. In general, these results are consistent with those from prior reports on the efficacy of these antibiotics against<jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic>Nine Mile, phase I, and indicate that a real-time PCR-based assay is an appropriate alternative to the present methodology for evaluation of the antibiotic susceptibilities of<jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.41.5.1869-1874.2003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,5,6]],"date-time":"2003-05-06T23:28:47Z","timestamp":1052263727000},"page":"1869-1874","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":119,"title":["Evaluation of<i>Coxiella burnetii<\/i>Antibiotic Susceptibilities by Real-Time PCR Assay"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Robert E.","family":"Brennan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Texas A&amp;M University System Health Science Center, College Station, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James E.","family":"Samuel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Texas A&amp;M University System Health Science Center, College Station, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"749","volume":"38","year":"1990","unstructured":"Acar, J., E. 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