{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,13]],"date-time":"2026-11-13T18:18:05Z","timestamp":1794593885583,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,5,1]],"date-time":"2003-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1051747200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    A collection of 147 isolates of\n                    <jats:italic>Burkholderia pseudomallei<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>B. mallei<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>B. thailandensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    was characterized by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). The 128 isolates of\n                    <jats:italic>B. pseudomallei<\/jats:italic>\n                    , the causative agent of melioidosis, were obtained from diverse geographic locations, from humans and animals with disease, and from the environment and were resolved into 71 sequence types. The utility of the MLST scheme for epidemiological investigations was established by analyzing isolates from captive marine mammals and birds and from humans in Hong Kong with melioidosis. MLST gave a level of resolution similar to that given by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and identified the same three clones causing disease in animals, each of which was also associated with disease in humans. The average divergence between the alleles of\n                    <jats:italic>B. thailandensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>B. pseudomallei<\/jats:italic>\n                    was 3.2%, and there was no sharing of alleles between these species. Trees constructed from differences in the allelic profiles of the isolates and from the concatenated sequences of the seven loci showed that the\n                    <jats:italic>B. pseudomallei<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates formed a cluster of closely related lineages that were fully resolved from the cluster of\n                    <jats:italic>B. thailandensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates, confirming their separate species status. However, isolates of\n                    <jats:italic>B. mallei<\/jats:italic>\n                    , the causative agent of glanders, recovered from three continents over a 30-year period had identical allelic profiles, and the\n                    <jats:italic>B. mallei<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates clustered within the\n                    <jats:italic>B. pseudomallei<\/jats:italic>\n                    group of isolates. Alleles at six of the seven loci in\n                    <jats:italic>B. mallei<\/jats:italic>\n                    were also present within\n                    <jats:italic>B. pseudomallei<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates, and\n                    <jats:italic>B. mallei<\/jats:italic>\n                    is a clone of\n                    <jats:italic>B. pseudomallei<\/jats:italic>\n                    that, on population genetics grounds, should not be given separate species status.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.41.5.2068-2079.2003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,5,6]],"date-time":"2003-05-06T19:28:47Z","timestamp":1052249327000},"page":"2068-2079","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":400,"title":["Multilocus Sequence Typing and Evolutionary Relationships among the Causative Agents of Melioidosis and Glanders,\n                    <i>Burkholderia pseudomallei<\/i>\n                    and\n                    <i>Burkholderia mallei<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Daniel","family":"Godoy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Hospital, London W2 1PG"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaynor","family":"Randle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Infectious Diseases Group, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew J.","family":"Simpson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, The Royal Free Hospital, London NW3 2QG"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David M.","family":"Aanensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Hospital, London W2 1PG"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tyrone L.","family":"Pitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Hospital Infection, Central Public Health Laboratory, London NW9 5HT, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reimi","family":"Kinoshita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Hospital, Ocean Park Corporation, and Departments of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian G.","family":"Spratt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Hospital, London W2 1PG"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200104123441516"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.24.14043"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S095026889600739X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-48-1-317"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2001.65.177"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001432-200204000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-144-11-3049"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.3.1008-1015.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.33.7.1687-1690.1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","unstructured":"Howe C. 1950. 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