{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T00:31:58Z","timestamp":1776040318088,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,6,1]],"date-time":"2003-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1054425600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            One hundred ninety-four bronchoalveolar specimens were evaluated by microscopic examination and by amplification of a sequence of a\n            <jats:italic>Pneumocystis carinii<\/jats:italic>\n            dihidropteroate synthase gene for identification of mutations linked to sulfa resistance. PCR sensitivity and specificity were 100 and 86.7%, respectively, compared to results of microscopic examination. However, 7 out of 19 microscopy-negative, PCR-positive samples were collected from subjects with a clinically high probability of\n            <jats:italic>P. carinii<\/jats:italic>\n            pneumonia, suggesting that PCR may be more sensitive than microscopic examination, although the absolute performance of PCR cannot be determined. Mutations were identified in 28 out of 70 (40%) PCR-positive specimens and were significantly more common in patients exposed to sulfa drugs (21 out of 29 [72.4%]) than in those not exposed to sulfa drugs (4 out of 35 [11.4%]).\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.41.6.2709-2712.2003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,6,5]],"date-time":"2003-06-05T19:14:27Z","timestamp":1054840467000},"page":"2709-2712","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Detection of\n            <i>Pneumocystis carinii<\/i>\n            and Characterization of Mutations Associated with Sulfa Resistance in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Samples from Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Subjects"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Zingale","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases 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