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The transferability of this resistance was demonstrated by conjugation experiments. Thirty of the 31 isolates were positive in the double-disk synergy test. By isoelectric focusing analysis, all of the isolates were found to produce a band of \u03b2-lactamase activity with a pI of 5.9. Three of these isolates produced an additional band with a pI of 7.6. PCR and DNA sequencing identified these \u03b2-lactamases as TEM-4 and SHV-2a, respectively. The remaining isolate, highly resistant to ceftazidime but susceptible to cefepime, produced a \u03b2-lactamase that focused at pI 7.8. No synergy was detected by the double-disk synergy test. Sequence analysis of the\n            <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n            gene amplified by PCR showed that the plasmid-mediated AmpC-type enzyme was ACC-1a. Fingerprinting analysis by repetitive-element PCR and enterobacterial repeat intergenic consensus-PCR suggested that 29 of the 31\n            <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n            serotype Mbandaka isolates belonged to the same clonal population.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.41.7.2940-2945.2003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,3]],"date-time":"2003-07-03T19:05:48Z","timestamp":1057259148000},"page":"2940-2945","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Molecular Epidemiology and Characterization of Plasmid-Encoded \u03b2-Lactamases Produced by Tunisian Clinical Isolates of\n            <i>Salmonella enterica<\/i>\n            Serotype Mbandaka Resistant to Broad-Spectrum Cephalosporins"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Abdoulaye","family":"Makanera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Mole\u0301culaire, Faculte\u0301 des Sciences de Tunis, De\u0301partement de Biologie, Universite\u0301 de Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guillaume","family":"Arlet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Bacte\u0301riologie-Hygie\u0300ne, Ho\u0302pital Tenon, AP-HP"},{"name":"Laboratoire de Bacte\u0301riologie, UPRES EA 2392, UFR Saint-Antoine,Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vale\u0301rie","family":"Gautier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Bacte\u0301riologie, UPRES EA 2392, UFR Saint-Antoine,Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Manai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Mole\u0301culaire, Faculte\u0301 des Sciences de Tunis, De\u0301partement de Biologie, Universite\u0301 de Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/49.1.169"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/25.17.3389"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1980.0049"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/27.4.427"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","first-page":"203","volume":"134","year":"1995","unstructured":"Arlet, G., G. 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