{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T13:55:57Z","timestamp":1775742957793,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,1]],"date-time":"2003-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1057017600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Members of the genus<jats:italic>Legionella<\/jats:italic>are characterized as gram-negative, motile, freshwater-dwelling bacteria that were responsible for a pneumonia outbreak among American Legion members in 1976. Because clinicians routinely order serologic testing for<jats:italic>Legionella pneumophila<\/jats:italic>serogroups 1 to 6 as a screen for possible<jats:italic>L. pneumophila<\/jats:italic>infections, we evaluated the Wampole Laboratories<jats:italic>L. pneumophila<\/jats:italic>type 1 to 6 immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM combined enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the Zeus Scientific<jats:italic>L. pneumophila<\/jats:italic>type 1 to 6 IgG-IgM-IgA multispecific combined ELISA systems and compared them to an IgG-specific immunofluorescence assay (IFA) for<jats:italic>L. pneumophila<\/jats:italic>serogroups 1 to 6. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends that the positive titer cutoff for an IFA be 1:256. Regardless of where the positive IFA cutoff titer is placed, however, the sensitivity of both commercial assays was below what would be acceptable for a screening assay. With a 1:256 IFA titer as the positive cutoff, the agreement, sensitivity, and specificity of the Wampole ELISA were 74.6, 21.4, and 98.4%, respectively. The agreement, sensitivity, and specificity of the Zeus ELISA were 72.6, 10.5, and 100.0%, respectively. We recommend that any laboratories attempting to replace an IFA type 1 to 6 screen with an alternative ELISA carefully investigate the sensitivity of the replacement assay.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.41.7.3060-3063.2003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,3]],"date-time":"2003-07-03T19:05:48Z","timestamp":1057259148000},"page":"3060-3063","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Comparison of Two Commercial Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays with an Immunofluorescence Assay for Detection of<i>Legionella pneumophila<\/i>Types 1 to 6"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Annette K.","family":"Malan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Associated Regional and University Pathologists Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas B.","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associated Regional and University Pathologists Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Troy D.","family":"Jaskowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associated Regional and University Pathologists Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Harry R.","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associated Regional and University Pathologists Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine M.","family":"Litwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associated Regional and University Pathologists Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","first-page":"1151","year":"2001","unstructured":"Adeleke, A. A., B. S. Fields, R. F. Benson, M. I. Daneshvar, J. M. Purckler, R. M. Ratcliff, T. G. Harrison, R. S. Weyant, R. J. Birtles, D. Raoult, and M. A. Halablab. 2001. Legionella drozanskii sp. nov., Legionella rowothamii sp. nov. and Legionella fallonii sp. nov.: three unusual new Legionella species. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 51:1151-1160.","journal-title":"Int. J. Syst. E"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","first-page":"90","volume":"13","year":"1998","unstructured":"Benson, R. F., and B. S. Fields. 1998. Classification of the genus Legionella. Semin. Respir. Infect.13:90-99.","journal-title":"Semin. Respir. Infect."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-90-4-656"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Edelstein P. H. 2002. Detection of antibodies to Legionella spp. p. 468-476. In N. Rose R. Hamilton and B. Detrick (ed.) Manual of clinical laboratory immunology 6th ed. 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Legionella gresilensis sp. nov. and Legionella beliardensis sp. nov., isolated from water in France. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 51:1949-1957.","journal-title":"Int. J. Syst. E"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","first-page":"2417","volume":"164","year":"1994","unstructured":"Marston, B. J., H. B. Lipman, and R. F. Breiman. 1994. Surveillance for Legionnaires' disease. Risk factors for morbidity and mortality. Arch. Intern. Med.164:2417-2422.","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/20.5.1286"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/149.5.819"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","unstructured":"Stites D. and R. Rodgers. 1991. Comparative sensitivity of quantitative immunoassays p. 259-260. In D. Stites and A. Terr (ed.) Basic and clinical immunology 7th ed. 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