{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T21:46:53Z","timestamp":1791323213147,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,9,1]],"date-time":"2003-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1062374400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Buruli\nulcer, an infection caused by\n            <jats:italic>Mycobacterium ulcerans<\/jats:italic>\n            , is,\nafter tuberculosis and leprosy, the third most common mycobacterial\ndisease. The mode of transmission of\n            <jats:italic>M. ulcerans<\/jats:italic>\n            is not\nexactly known, but since Buruli ulcer often occurs in focalized swampy\nareas, it is assumed that there is a reservoir of the pathogen in\nstagnant water. Buruli ulcer usually starts as a painless nodule and\ncan lead to massive destruction of skin, subcutaneous tissue, and\neventually muscle and bone. Currently the only recommended treatment is\nwide surgical excision. In this report we describe the development of a\nreal-time PCR method for the quantification of\n            <jats:italic>M. ulcerans<\/jats:italic>\n            DNA\n(IS2404 TaqMan). The highly specific assay is based on the detection of\nthe\n            <jats:italic>M. ulcerans<\/jats:italic>\n            specific insertion sequence IS\n            <jats:italic>2404<\/jats:italic>\n            .\nThe IS2404 TaqMan assay turned out to be about 10 times more sensitive\nthan the available conventional PCR-based diagnostic test. It is\ndemonstrated that the IS2404 TaqMan assay is suitable for the\nquantitative assessment of the dissemination of the mycobacteria in\nBuruli ulcer lesions. Prototype results obtained with excised tissue\nfrom a patient with a late preulcerative Buruli ulcer lesion\nreconfirmed earlier histopathological findings indicating that tissue\ndamage occurs far beyond the regions in which large numbers of\nmycobacteria are detectable. The IS2404 TaqMan assay should be a useful\ntool for both diagnosis and research into the pathology and mode of\ntransmission of this still inadequately investigated mycobacterial\ndisease.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.41.9.4231-4237.2003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,9,4]],"date-time":"2003-09-04T18:34:38Z","timestamp":1062700478000},"page":"4231-4237","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Development and Application of Real-Time PCR Assay for Quantification of\n            <i>Mycobacterium ulcerans<\/i>\n            DNA"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Rondini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Tropical Institute"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Mensah-Quainoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ghana Health Service, Amasaman, Ga District, Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Troll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Solvias AG, Basel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Bodmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Infectious Diseases, Bern,Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Pluschke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Tropical Institute"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"Asiedu K. R. Scherpbier and M. Raviglione. 2000. Buruli ulcer Mycobacterium ulcerans infection. World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/345284"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","unstructured":"Buntine J. and K. Crofts (ed.). 2001. Buruli ulcer; management of Mycobacterium ulcerans disease; a manual for health care providers. World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.7.2370-2380.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","unstructured":"Connor D. H. W. M. Meyers and R. E. Kreig. 1976. Infection by Mycobacterium ulcerans p. 226-235. In C. H. Binford and D. H. Connor (ed.) Pathology of tropical and extraordinary diseases. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology Washington D.C."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)11771-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.10.3193-3196.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.36.7.1964-1968.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.160.1.9811006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.11.7182-7186.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1201-9712(02)90138-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.2.587-593.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.283.5403.854"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.46.1.5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.11.4343-4345.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0958-1669(98)80082-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/30.6.1292"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.68.9.4623-4628.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meyers W. M. 1994. Mycobacterial infections of the skin p. 291-377. In G. Seifert (ed.) Tropical dermatology. Springer-Verlag Heidelberg Germany.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-57863-2_9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-200210000-00022"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","unstructured":"Portaels F. P. Johnson and W. M. Meyers (ed.). 2001. Buruli ulcer; diagnosis of Mycobacterium ulcerans disease; a manual for health care providers. 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