{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T17:56:32Z","timestamp":1790531792082,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,1,1]],"date-time":"2004-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1072915200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Reporting of clinically suspected cattle is currently the most common method for detecting cases of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). Improvement of clinical diagnosis and decision-making remains crucial. A comparison of clinical patterns, consisting of 25 signs, was made between all 30 BSE cases, confirmed in Belgium before October 2002, and 272 suspected cases that were subsequently determined to be histologically, immunohistochemically, and scrapie-associated-fiber negative. Seasonality in reporting suspected cases was observed, with more cases being reported during wintertime when animals were kept indoors. The median duration of illness was 30 days. The 10 most relevant signs of BSE were kicking in the milking parlor, hypersensitivity to touch and\/or sound, head shyness, panic-stricken response, reluctance to enter in the milking parlor, abnormal ear movement or carriage, increased alertness behavior, reduced milk yield, teeth grinding, and temperament change. Ataxia did not appear to be a specific sign of BSE. A classification and regression tree was constructed by using the following four features: age of the animal, year of birth, number of relevant BSE signs noted, and number of clinical signs, typical for listeriosis, noted. The model had a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 85%. This approach allows the use of an interactive decision-support tool, based entirely on odds ratios, a statistic independent of disease prevalence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.42.1.172-178.2004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,1,10]],"date-time":"2004-01-10T18:17:42Z","timestamp":1073758662000},"page":"172-178","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Decision Support Tools for Clinical Diagnosis of Disease in Cows with Suspected Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"C.","family":"Saegerman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Secretariat of the Scientific Committee, Administration of Control Policy, Federal Agency for the Safety of the Food Chain, B-1000 Brussels"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Speybroeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, B-2000 Antwerp"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Roels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Pathology, Department of Biocontrol, Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre, B-1180 Uccle"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Vanopdenbosch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Pathology, Department of Biocontrol, Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre, B-1180 Uccle"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Thiry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Virology, Epidemiology, and Viral Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lie\u0300ge, B-4000 Lie\u0300ge, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Berkvens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, B-2000 Antwerp"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"Anonymous. 2000. European Commission Decision 2000\/764\/EC of 29 November 2000 on the testing of bovine animals for the presence of bovine spongiform encephalopathy and amending decision 98\/272\/EC on epidemio-surveillance for transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. Eur. Commun. Off. J. L305: 35-38."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","first-page":"339","volume":"78","year":"1994","unstructured":"Bradley, R. 1994. Les enc\u00e9phalopathies spongiformes animales en Grande Bretagne. Bull. Soc. Vet. Prat. France78:339-385.","journal-title":"Bull. Soc. Vet. Prat. France"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","first-page":"27","volume":"19","year":"1991","unstructured":"Bradley, R., and J. W. Wilesmith. 1991. Epid\u00e9miologie des enc\u00e9phalopathies spongiformes en Grande-Bretagne. Epidemiol. Sante Anim.19:27-48.","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Sante Anim."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.143.4.101"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","first-page":"35","volume":"139","year":"1997","unstructured":"Braun, U., U. Kihm, N. Pusterla, and M. Sch\u00f6nmann. 1997. Proc\u00e9dure d'examen clinique en cas de suspicion d'enc\u00e9phalopathie spongiforme bovine. Schweiz. Arch. Tierheilk.139:35-41.","journal-title":"Schweiz. Arch. Tierheilk."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","unstructured":"Breiman L. J. H. Friedman R. A. Olshen and C. J. Stone. 1984. Classification and regression trees. Wadsworth Pacific Grove Calif."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/39057"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clark L. A. and D. A. Pregibon. 1992. Tress-based models p. 377-419. In Chambers J. A. and T. J. Hastie (ed.) Statistical models . Wadsworth Pacific Grove Calif.","DOI":"10.1201\/9780203738535-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/rvsc.2000.0379"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.144.22.607"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","unstructured":"Vet. Rec. 1988 122"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(19970415)16:7<717::AID-SIM504>3.0.CO;2-E"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.140.12.302"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","unstructured":"Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs. 2002. Bovine spongiform encephalopathy in Great Britain: youngest and oldest cases by year of onset (passive surveillance only). [Online.] http:\/\/www.defra.gov.uk\/animalh\/bse\/bse-statistics\/bse\/yng-old.html\n."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","unstructured":"Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs. 2000. Bovine spongiform encephalopathy in Great Britain: confirmed cases by year of birth. [Online.] http:\/\/www.defra.gov.uk\/animalh\/bse\/bse-statistics\/bse\/ybirth.html\n."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1997.0063"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","unstructured":"Grenier B. 1990. Utilisation des ODDS dans les tests associ\u00e9s ou s\u00e9quentiels p. 102-106. In D\u00e9cision m\u00e9dicale: analyse et strat\u00e9gie de la d\u00e9cision dans la pratique m\u00e9dicale. Edition Masson. Paris France."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.18.1.1152"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/38925"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","unstructured":"H\u00f6rnlimann B. and U. Braun. 1993. Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE): clinical signs in Swiss BSE cases p. 289-299. In R. Bradley and B. Marchant (ed.) Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy. Proceedings of a Consultation on BSE with the Scientific Veterinary Committee of the Commission of the European Communities Brussels Belgium."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","unstructured":"Jeffrey M. M. M. Simmons and G. A. H. Wells. 1993. Observations on the diffential diagnosis of bovine spongiform encephalopathy in Great Britain p. 347-362. In R. Bradley and B. Marchant (ed.) Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy. Proceedings of a Consultation on BSE with the Scientific Committee of the European Communities Brussels Belgium."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.131.16.359"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.11.2.608"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.149.24.747"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9975(08)80288-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","first-page":"164","volume":"145","year":"2001","unstructured":"Pastoret, P. P., M. Gouffaux, C. Saegerman, S. Roels, P. Dechamps, E. Thiry, and E. Vanopdenbosch. 2001. Le diagnostic immunologique rapide des enc\u00e9phalopathies spongiformes transmissibles. Ann. Med. Vet.145:164-173.","journal-title":"Ann. Med. Vet."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","first-page":"638","volume":"18","year":"1992","unstructured":"Pollin, M. M., I. S. McGill, and G. A. H. Wells. 1992. The differential neurohistological diagnoses of clinically suspect but unconfirmed BSE. Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol.18:638.","journal-title":"Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.23.13363"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","first-page":"83","volume":"22","year":"2003","unstructured":"Saegerman, C., L. Claes, A. Dewaele, D. Desmecht, F. Rollin, J. Hamoir, P. Gustin, G. Czaplicki, J. Bughin, J. Wullepit, J. Laureyns, S. Roels, D. Berkvens, E. Vanopdenbosch, and E. Thiry. 2003. Differential diagnosis of neurologically expressed disorders in Western European cattle. Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epiz.22:83-102.","journal-title":"Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epiz."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","first-page":"47","volume":"145","year":"2001","unstructured":"Saegerman, C., P. Dechamps, S. Roels, K. Petroff, R. Geeroms, G. Torck, J. Dufey, R. Fourez, M. Hamelryckx, A. Cormann, P. Viatour, V. De Coninck, F. Lomba, J. P. Vermeersch, L. Hallet, O. Lhost, M. Leemans, A. Vandersanden, D. Peharpre, B. Brochier, F. Costy, P. P. Pastoret, E. Thiry, and E. Vanopdenbosch. 2001. Epid\u00e9miosurveillance de l'enc\u00e9phalopathie spongiforme bovine en Belgique: bilan de l'ann\u00e9e 1999. Ann. Med. Vet.145:47-58.","journal-title":"Ann. Med. Vet."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","first-page":"423","volume":"143","year":"1999","unstructured":"Saegerman, C., P. Dechamps, E. Vanopdenbosch, S. Roels, K. Petroff, J. Dufey, G. Van Caeneghem, D. Devreese, H. Varewyck, H. De Craemere, I. Desmedt, A. Cormann, G. Torck, L. Hallet, M. Hamelrijckx, M. Leemans, A. Vandersanden, D. Peharpre, B. Brochier, F. Costy, P. Muller, E. Thiry, and P. P. Pastoret. 1999. Epid\u00e9miosurveillance de l'enc\u00e9phalopathie spongiforme bovine en Belgique: bilan de l'ann\u00e9e 1998. Ann. Med. Vet.143:423-436.","journal-title":"Ann. Med. Vet."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","first-page":"31","volume":"35","year":"1999","unstructured":"Saegerman, C., L. Claes, E. Vanopdenbosch, P. Biront, H. Deluyker, and E. Thiry. 1999. Etude r\u00e9trospective de l'incidence des troubles neurologiques rapport\u00e9s et suspects d'enc\u00e9phalopathie spongiforme transmissible chez les bovins en Belgique. Epidemiol. Sante Anim.35:31-42.","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Sante Anim."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","unstructured":"Schelcher F. O. Andreoletti P. Cabanie and G. Tabouret. 2001. D\u00e9marche diagnostique dans les maladies nerveuses des bovins 229-240. In Proceedings of SFB. Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Fran\u00e7aise de Bui\u00c2trie Paris France."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1135(90)90160-W"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","first-page":"401","volume":"131","year":"1987","unstructured":"St\u00f6ber, M. 1987. Symptomatologie diff\u00e9rentielle de quelques affections du syst\u00e8me nerveux des bovins. Ann. Med. Vet.131:401-410.","journal-title":"Ann. Med. Vet."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(00)02905-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)11318-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","first-page":"111","volume":"142","year":"1998","unstructured":"Vanopdenbosch, E., P. Dechamps, C. Saegerman, J. Dufey, S. Roels, P. Mullier, L. Hallet, B. Brochier, F. Costy, G. Charlier, R. Fourez, and P. P. Pastoret. 1998. Le premier cas d'enc\u00e9phalopathie spongiforme bovine diagnostiqu\u00e9 en Belgique. Ann. Med. Vet.142:111-118.","journal-title":"Ann. Med. Vet."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.136.9.211"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.125.21.521"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.121.18.419"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","unstructured":"Wilesmith J. W. 1998. Manual on bovine spongiform encephalopathy. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Rome Italy."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5288(92)90032-W"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.130.10.197"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.130.5.90"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.128.9.199"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","first-page":"638","volume":"123","year":"1988","unstructured":"Wilesmith, J. W., G. A. H. Wells, M. P. Cranwell, and J. B. M. Ryan. 1988. Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: epidemiological studies. Vet. Rec.123:638-644.","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)91412-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0007-1935(89)90104-8"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JCM.42.1.172-178.2004","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JCM.42.1.172-178.2004","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,5]],"date-time":"2022-03-05T13:05:17Z","timestamp":1646485517000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/JCM.42.1.172-178.2004"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,1]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/JCM.42.1.172-178.2004"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jcm.42.1.172-178.2004","relation":{},"ISSN":["0095-1137","1098-660X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0095-1137","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-660X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2003-06-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2003-10-05","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2004-01-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}