{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T12:39:34Z","timestamp":1789994374219,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,1,1]],"date-time":"2004-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1072915200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            One hundred seventy-five\n            <jats:italic>Listeria monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n            strains were characterized by serotyping, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) based on loci in\n            <jats:italic>actA<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>betL<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>hlyA<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>gyrB<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>pgm<\/jats:italic>\n            , and\n            <jats:italic>recA.<\/jats:italic>\n            One hundred twenty-two sequence types (STs) were identified by MLST based on allelic profiles of the four housekeeping genes (\n            <jats:italic>betL<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>gyrB<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>pgm<\/jats:italic>\n            , and\n            <jats:italic>recA<\/jats:italic>\n            ), and 34 and 38 alleles were identified for\n            <jats:italic>hlyA<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>actA<\/jats:italic>\n            , respectively. Several\n            <jats:italic>actA<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>hlyA<\/jats:italic>\n            alleles appeared to be predominantly associated with clinical isolates. MLST differentiated most of the\n            <jats:italic>L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n            strains better than did PFGE, and the discriminating ability of PFGE was better than that of serotyping. Several strains with different serotypes were found, by MLST and PFGE, to have very closely related genetic backgrounds, which suggested possible \u201cantigen switching\u201d among them. MLST can be a useful typing tool for differentiating\n            <jats:italic>L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n            strains (including strains undistinguishable by PFGE typing and serotyping), and it may be of value during investigations of food-borne outbreaks of listeriosis.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.42.1.276-285.2004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,1,10]],"date-time":"2004-01-10T18:17:42Z","timestamp":1073758662000},"page":"276-285","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":80,"title":["Comparative Analysis of Multilocus Sequence Typing and Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis for Characterizing\n            <i>Listeria monocytogenes<\/i>\n            Strains Isolated from Environmental and Clinical Sources"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Tamara","family":"Revazishvili","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mamuka","family":"Kotetishvili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O. Colin","family":"Stine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arnold S.","family":"Kreger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"J. 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