{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T07:34:06Z","timestamp":1774942446488,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,1]],"date-time":"2004-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1075593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Four seronegative foals aged 6 to 7 months were exposed to an aerosol of influenza strain A\/Equi\/2\/Kildare\/89 at 10\n            <jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\n            50% egg infective doses (EID\n            <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n            )\/ml. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected for 10 consecutive days after challenge. Virus isolation was performed in embryonated eggs, and the EID\n            <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n            was determined for all positive samples. The 50% tissue culture infective dose was determined using Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. Samples were also tested by an in vitro enzyme immunoassay test, Directigen Flu A, and by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) using nested primers from the nucleoprotein gene and a single set of primers from the matrix gene. RT-PCR using the matrix primers and virus isolation in embryonated eggs proved to be the most sensitive methods for the detection of virus. The Directigen Flu A test was the least sensitive method. The inclusion of 2% fetal calf serum in the viral transport medium inhibited the growth of virus from undiluted samples in MDCK cells but was essential for the maintenance of the virus titer in samples subjected to repeated freeze-thaw cycles.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.42.2.759-763.2004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,6]],"date-time":"2004-02-06T18:43:10Z","timestamp":1076092990000},"page":"759-763","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Comparison of Sensitivities of Virus Isolation, Antigen Detection, and Nucleic Acid Amplification for Detection of Equine Influenza Virus"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Michelle","family":"Quinlivan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Unit, Irish Equine Centre, Johnstown, Naas, County Kildare"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ann","family":"Cullinane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Unit, Irish Equine Centre, Johnstown, Naas, County Kildare"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maura","family":"Nelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Unit, Irish Equine Centre, Johnstown, Naas, County Kildare"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kees","family":"van Maanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Health Service, 7400 AA Deventer"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacco","family":"Heldens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intervet International BV, Department for Virological Research and Development, 5830 AA Boxmeer, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sean","family":"Arkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.135.12.275"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-77-4-661"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.11.4096-4101.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(92)90754-D"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.18.1.1155"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.31.1.142-143.1993"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01863914"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1995.tb03049.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1990.tb04217.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0264-410X(93)90092-C"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.134.7.158"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268800057848"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","unstructured":"Mumford J. A. 1995. Virus infections regarding the respiratory tract. Proceedings of the 4th Congress of Equine Medicine and Surgery 1-12th December 1995 Geneva Switzerland. Swiss-Vet 11-5: 66-69."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","unstructured":"Nelly M. 1996. Characterisation of equine influenza virus isolates from the 1989 and 1992 influenza outbreaks in Ireland by nucleotide sequence determination of the haemagglutinin molecule. M.Sc. thesis. National University of Ireland Dublin."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.11.4353-4356.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","unstructured":"Office International des Epizooties (OIE). 2000. Equine influenza p. 546-557. In Manual of standards for diagnostic tests and vaccines. OIE Paris France."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","unstructured":"Office International des Epizooties (OIE). 1996. Conclusions and recommendations from the consultation meeting of OIE and WHO experts on equine influenza Newmarket United Kingdom Septemer 18-19 1995. Office Int. Epiz. Bull. 108: 482-484."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(99)00041-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","unstructured":"Rogers A. L. 1988. A\/equi-2 influenza in horses in the Republic of South Africa. J. S. Afr. Vet. Assoc. 59: 123-125."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.30.5.1072-1075.1992"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","first-page":"52","volume":"2","year":"1958","unstructured":"Sovinova, O., B. Tumova, F. Pouska, and J. Nemec. 1958. Isolation of a virus causing respiratory disease in horses. Acta Virol.2:52-61.","journal-title":"Acta Virol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0147-9571(96)00006-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01652176.2002.9695127"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(03)00029-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","first-page":"587","volume":"143","year":"1963","unstructured":"Wadell, G. H., M. B. Teigland, and M. M. Sigel. 1963. A new influenza virus associated with equine respiratory disease. J. Am. Vet. Assoc.143:587-590.","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Assoc."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.29.3.479-482.1991"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1993.tb03009.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","unstructured":"Wernery R. P. J. Yates U. Wernery and J. A. Mumford. 1999. An equine influenza outbreak in a polo club in Dubai United Arab Emirates in 1995\/96 p. 342-346. In U. Wernery J. F. Wade J. A. Mumford and O. R. Kaaden (ed.) Equine infectious diseases VIII. R&W Publications Ltd. Newmarket United Kingdom."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JCM.42.2.759-763.2004","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JCM.42.2.759-763.2004","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,5]],"date-time":"2022-03-05T02:52:07Z","timestamp":1646448727000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/JCM.42.2.759-763.2004"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,2]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/JCM.42.2.759-763.2004"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jcm.42.2.759-763.2004","relation":{},"ISSN":["0095-1137","1098-660X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0095-1137","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-660X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2003-06-09","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2003-10-05","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2004-02-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}