{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T15:06:53Z","timestamp":1772809613681,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,1]],"date-time":"2004-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1083369600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Eight hundred\n            <jats:italic>Erysipelothrix<\/jats:italic>\n            strains isolated between 1992 and 2002 from swine with erysipelas in Japan were serotyped. Thirty-seven, 47, 73, and 643 strains were isolated from animals with acute septicemia, urticaria, chronic endocarditis, and chronic arthritis, respectively, of which 381, 146, 254, and 19 isolates belonged to serotypes 1a, 1b, and 2b and other serotypes, respectively. All serotype 1a isolates were further examined for acriflavine resistance and their genotypes to discriminate them from the attenuated live vaccine strain, defined as serotype 1a, which is resistant to 0.02% acriflavine and which shows low levels of pathogenicity in mice. Of the serotype 1a isolates, 64.6% were acriflavine resistant, with 98.4% of these acriflavine-resistant strains having been isolated from animals with chronic arthritis. By randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis, almost all the acriflavine-resistant serotype 1a strains showed the 253-bp band characteristic of vaccine strains and were easily discriminated from all 113 strains of acriflavine-sensitive serotype 1a strains from animals with acute and subacute swine erysipelas. The incidence of acriflavine-resistant strains of the distinctive RAPD type 1-2 was markedly higher than that of the other RAPD types and serotypes. RAPD type 1-2 strains also included a specific group identifiable by restriction fragment length polymorphism DNA analysis. Furthermore, the pathogenicities of 29 isolates of RAPD type 1-2 for mice were lower than those of the 21 isolates of other RAPD types. Our results indicate that RAPD type 1-2 strains are live vaccine strains and that 37% of the cases of chronic swine erysipelas detected in the past 11 years in Japan have occurred as a side effect of live vaccine use.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.42.5.2121-2126.2004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,6]],"date-time":"2004-05-06T17:29:39Z","timestamp":1083864579000},"page":"2121-2126","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Serotyping of 800 Strains of\n            <i>Erysipelothrix<\/i>\n            Isolated from Pigs Affected with Erysipelas and Discrimination of Attenuated Live Vaccine Strain by Genotyping"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Yumiko","family":"Imada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Animal Health, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ai","family":"Takase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toyama Eastern Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Toyama, Toyama 939-3548"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reiko","family":"Kikuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Animal Health, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshifumi","family":"Iwamaru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Animal Health, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shigehiro","family":"Akachi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mie Central Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Tsu, Mie 514-0061"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu\u0302ji","family":"Hayakawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ishikawa Southern Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-3101, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-45-2-382"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/20.19.5137"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","first-page":"1","volume":"34","year":"1958","unstructured":"Andoh, K., and H. Nakamura. 1958. Research on the live vaccine for swine erysipelas. II. Freeze-drying conditions for the acriflavine resistant avirulent strain. Bull. Natl. Inst. Anim. Health34:1-10. (In Japanese.)","journal-title":"Bull. Natl. Inst. Anim. Health"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1988.tb14311.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-39-3-224"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.58.9.3116-3121.1990"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","first-page":"3","year":"2001","unstructured":"G\u00fcrtler, V., and B. C. Mayall. 2001. Genomic approaches to typing, taxonomy and evolution of bacterial isolates. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 51:3-16.","journal-title":"Int. J. Syst. E"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","first-page":"131","volume":"13","year":"1932","unstructured":"Kond\u00f4, S., S. Yamada, and K. Sugimura. 1932. Research on live vaccine for swine erysipelas. I. Acrydine dye resistance, pathogenicity and antigenicity of strains after serial passage on medium containing acrydine dye. Bull. Natl. Inst. Anim. Health13:131-151. (In Japanese.)","journal-title":"Bull. Natl. Inst. Anim. Health"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","first-page":"19","volume":"27","year":"1979","unstructured":"Kucsera, G. 1979. Serological typing of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae strains and the epizootiological significance of the typing. Acta Vet. Hung.27:19-28.","journal-title":"Acta Vet. Hung."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.60.1017"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.32.6.1526-1531.1994"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","first-page":"3","volume":"12","year":"1975","unstructured":"Muramatsu, M., T. Sawada, and K. Seto. 1975. Recovery of virulence of attenuated strain Koganei by passage in broth media containing tween 80. Ann. Rep. Natl. Vet. Assay Lab.12:3-8. (In Japanese.)","journal-title":"Ann. Rep. Natl. 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