{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T15:56:13Z","timestamp":1790006173690,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,1]],"date-time":"2004-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1083369600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) are a family of 17 major serological types of heat-stable enterotoxins that are one of the leading causes of gastroenteritis resulting from consumption of contaminated food. SEs are considered potential bioweapons. Many\n            <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n            isolates contain multiple SEs. Because of the large number of SEs, serological typing and PCR typing are laborious and time-consuming. Furthermore, serological typing may not always be practical because of antigenic similarities among enterotoxins. We report on a microarray-based one-tube assay for the simultaneous detection and identification (genetic typing) of multiple enterotoxin (\n            <jats:italic>ent<\/jats:italic>\n            ) genes. The proposed typing method is based on PCR amplification of the target region of the\n            <jats:italic>ent<\/jats:italic>\n            genes with degenerate primers, followed by characterization of the PCR products by microchip hybridization with oligonucleotide probes specific for each\n            <jats:italic>ent<\/jats:italic>\n            gene. We verified the performance of this method by using several other techniques, including PCR amplification with gene-specific primers, followed by gel electrophoresis or microarray hybridization, and sequencing of the enterotoxin genes. The assay was evaluated by analysis of previously characterized staphylococcal isolates containing 16\n            <jats:italic>ent<\/jats:italic>\n            genes. The microarray assay revealed that some of these isolates contained additional previously undetected\n            <jats:italic>ent<\/jats:italic>\n            genes. The use of degenerate primers allows the simultaneous amplification and identification of as many as nine different\n            <jats:italic>ent<\/jats:italic>\n            genes in one\n            <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n            strain. The results of this study demonstrate the usefulness of the oligonucleotide microarray assay for the analysis of multitoxigenic strains, which are common among\n            <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n            strains, and for the analysis of microbial pathogens in general.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.42.5.2134-2143.2004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,6]],"date-time":"2004-05-06T17:29:39Z","timestamp":1083864579000},"page":"2134-2143","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["Simultaneous Analysis of Multiple Staphylococcal Enterotoxin Genes by an Oligonucleotide Microarray Assay"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Nikolay","family":"Sergeev","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dmitriy","family":"Volokhov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vladimir","family":"Chizhikov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Avraham","family":"Rasooly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.1.4.377"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)08713-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1605(00)00377-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/345874"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","first-page":"1","volume":"45","year":"1996","unstructured":"Bean, N. 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