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Recent epidemics of<jats:italic>B. bacilliformis<\/jats:italic>infections associated with atypical symptomatology in nonendemic regions have raised questions regarding the historic and present distribution of this bacterium and the scope of disease that infection causes. Phylogenetic relationships and genomic diversity of 18<jats:italic>B. bacilliformis<\/jats:italic>isolates (10 isolates from a region where Carrion's disease is epidemic, Cuzco, Peru, and 8 isolates from a region where Carrion's disease is endemic, Caraz, Peru) were assessed using genomic data generated by infrequent restriction site PCR and gene sequence analysis of the flagellin<jats:italic>gltA<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>ialB<\/jats:italic>genes. A population genetic analysis of the genomic diversity suggests that what was once considered an epidemic region of Peru did not result from the recent introduction of<jats:italic>B. bacilliformis<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.42.8.3675-3680.2004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,5]],"date-time":"2004-08-05T18:08:04Z","timestamp":1091729284000},"page":"3675-3680","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Population Genetic Analysis of<i>Bartonella bacilliformis<\/i>Isolates from Areas of Peru Where Carrion's Disease Is Endemic and Epidemic"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Tina M.","family":"Hambuch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Scott A.","family":"Handley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Ellis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, National Center for HIV, STD and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Judith","family":"Chamberlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814-4799"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Russell","family":"Regnery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1997.57.174"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anderson R. 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