{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T18:28:06Z","timestamp":1784831286765,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1104537600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Chronic gastritis causes significant morbidity and mortality in captive cheetahs but is rare in wild cheetahs despite colonization by abundant spiral bacteria. This research aimed to identify the<jats:italic>Helicobacter<\/jats:italic>species that were associated with gastritis in captive cheetahs but are apparently commensal in wild cheetahs.<jats:italic>Helicobacter<\/jats:italic>species were characterized by PCR amplification and sequencing of the 16S rRNA, urease, and<jats:italic>cagA<\/jats:italic>genes and by transmission electron microscopy of frozen or formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded gastric samples from 33 cheetahs infected with<jats:italic>Helicobacter<\/jats:italic>organisms (10 wild without gastritis and 23 captive with gastritis). Samples were screened for mixed infections by denaturant gel gradient electrophoresis of the 16S rRNA gene and by transmission electron microscopy. There was no association between<jats:italic>Helicobacter<\/jats:italic>infection and the presence or severity of gastritis. Eight cheetahs had 16S rRNA sequences that were most similar (98 to 99%) to<jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>. Twenty-five cheetahs had sequences that were most similar (97 to 99%) to \u201c<jats:italic>H. heilmannii\u201d<\/jats:italic>or<jats:italic>H. felis<\/jats:italic>. No cheetahs had mixed infections. The ultrastructural morphology of all bacteria was most consistent with \u201c<jats:italic>H. heilmannii<\/jats:italic>,\u201d even when 16S rRNA sequences were<jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>-like. The urease gene from<jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>-like bacteria could not be amplified with primers for either \u201c<jats:italic>H. heilmannii\u201d<\/jats:italic>or<jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>urease, suggesting that this bacteria is neither<jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>nor \u201c<jats:italic>H. heilmannii.<\/jats:italic>\u201d The<jats:italic>cagA<\/jats:italic>gene was not identified in any case. These findings question a direct role for<jats:italic>Helicobacter<\/jats:italic>infection in the pathogenesis of gastritis and support the premise that host factors account for the differences in disease between captive and wild cheetah populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.43.1.229-234.2005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,5]],"date-time":"2005-01-05T20:14:18Z","timestamp":1104956058000},"page":"229-234","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Comparison of<i>Helicobacter<\/i>spp. in Cheetahs (<i>Acinonyx jubatus<\/i>) with and without Gastritis"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"K. A.","family":"Terio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Munson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Marker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cheetah Conservation Fund, Otjiwarongo, Namibia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B. M.","family":"Aldridge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. 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