{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T10:06:30Z","timestamp":1774519590552,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1104537600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Molecular methods that characterize the\n            <jats:italic>Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>\n            porin protein Por are needed to study gonococcal pathogenesis in the natural host and to classify strains from direct clinical samples used with nucleic acid amplification-based tests. We have defined the capabilities of\n            <jats:italic>por<\/jats:italic>\n            variable region (VR) typing and determined suitable conditions to apply the method to direct clinical specimens. Nested PCR from spiked urine samples detected 1 to 10 copies of template DNA; freezing spiked whole urine greatly reduced the ability to amplify\n            <jats:italic>porB<\/jats:italic>\n            . In a laboratory model of mixed gonococcal infections, the\n            <jats:italic>por<\/jats:italic>\n            type of one strain could be determined in the presence of a 100-fold excess of another.\n            <jats:italic>por<\/jats:italic>\n            VR typing was used to examine clinical samples from women enrolled in studies conducted in Baltimore, Md., and Madagascar.\n            <jats:italic>por<\/jats:italic>\n            type was determined from 100% of paired cervical swab and wick samples from 20 culture-positive women from Baltimore; results for eight individuals (40%) suggested infection with more than one strain. In frozen urine samples from Madagascar,\n            <jats:italic>porB<\/jats:italic>\n            was amplified and typed from 60 of 126 samples from ligase chain reaction (LCR)-positive women and 3 samples from LCR-negative women. The\n            <jats:italic>por<\/jats:italic>\n            VR types of 13 samples (21%) suggested the presence of more than one gonococcal strain. Five\n            <jats:italic>por<\/jats:italic>\n            types, identified in &gt;45% of women with typed samples, were common to both geographic areas. Molecular typing is an important adjunct to nucleic acid amplification-based diagnostics. Methods that utilize direct clinical samples and can identify mixed infections may contribute significantly to studies of host immunity, gonococcal epidemiology, and pathogenesis.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.43.1.368-375.2005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,5]],"date-time":"2005-01-05T20:14:18Z","timestamp":1104956058000},"page":"368-375","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Genetic Typing of the Porin Protein of\n            <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/i>\n            from Clinical Noncultured Samples for Strain Characterization and Identification of Mixed Gonococcal Infections"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Freyja","family":"Lynn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Bacterial, Parasitic, and Allergenic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcia M.","family":"Hobbs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan M.","family":"Zenilman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergies and Infectious Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frieda M. 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F.","family":"Behets","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathleen","family":"Van Damme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andry","family":"Rasamindrakotroka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health, Antananarivo, Madagascar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margaret C.","family":"Bash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Bacterial, Parasitic, and Allergenic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.63.4.1484-1490.1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.2003.01017.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.75.6.431"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/346048"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2002. 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