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We first compared amino acid sequences of<jats:italic>Streptococcus pyogenes<\/jats:italic>M protein, a known inducer of antibodies that are cross-reactive with myosin, and<jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>and found significant homologies with OspA protein. We found that<jats:italic>S. pyogenes<\/jats:italic>M5-specific antibodies and sera from<jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>-infected mice reacted with both myosin and<jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>proteins by Western blots and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. To investigate the relationship between self-reactivity and the response to<jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>, NZB mice, models of autoimmunity, were infected. NZB mice infected with<jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>developed higher degrees of joint swelling and higher anti-<jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>immunoglobulin M cross-reactive responses than other strains with identical major histocompatibility complex (DBA\/2 and BALB\/c). These studies reveal immunological cross-reactivity and suggest that<jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>may share common epitopes which mimic self-proteins. These implications could be important for certain autoimmunity-susceptible individuals or animals who become infected with<jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.43.2.850-856.2005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,4]],"date-time":"2005-02-04T21:42:56Z","timestamp":1107553376000},"page":"850-856","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Evidence of<i>Borrelia<\/i>Autoimmunity-Induced Component of Lyme Carditis and Arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Elizabeth S.","family":"Raveche","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pathology and Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven E.","family":"Schutzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pathology and Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pathology and Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Bateman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pathology and Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian A.","family":"McCarthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pathology and Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven P.","family":"Nickell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madeleine W.","family":"Cunningham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"521","volume":"57","year":"1984","unstructured":"Barbour, A. 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