{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T21:34:32Z","timestamp":1771364072912,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,1]],"date-time":"2005-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1112313600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Recent data indicated that the rate of vancomycin resistance in bloodstream-infecting enterococcal isolates in Italy is one of the highest in Europe. The aims of this study were to characterize bloodstream-infecting vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) obtained from various Italian hospitals and to establish whether the isolates were clonally related. During the years 2001 to 2003, a total of 39 VRE isolates were obtained from 19 hospital laboratories in various areas of Italy. Species identification and resistance genotypes of the isolates were obtained by multiplex PCR. Further characterization included antibiotic susceptibility testing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of SmaI-digested genomic DNA, detection of virulence genes (\n            <jats:italic>esp<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>hyl<\/jats:italic>\n            ), and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of selected isolates. VRE were identified as 31\n            <jats:italic>Enterococcus faecium<\/jats:italic>\n            (VREfm) isolates and 8\n            <jats:italic>E. faecalis<\/jats:italic>\n            isolates. All but one isolate carried the\n            <jats:italic>vanA<\/jats:italic>\n            gene; one VREfm isolate carried the\n            <jats:italic>vanB<\/jats:italic>\n            gene. Analysis of the PFGE profiles showed that 28 VREfm isolates shared a similar electrophoretic profile, designed type 1, and were clonally related. All type 1 isolates were resistant to ampicillin, streptomycin, gentamicin, and rifampin and were positive for the\n            <jats:italic>esp<\/jats:italic>\n            gene. MLST identified an allelic profile (ST78) comprising\n            <jats:italic>purK<\/jats:italic>\n            allele 1, belonging to the C1 clonal lineage, characteristic of human infection and hospital outbreak isolates. The\n            <jats:italic>vanB<\/jats:italic>\n            -carrying VREfm isolate, of PFGE type 2, was shown to be a single-locus variant of ST78. Our data indicate that the recent increase in the number of bloodstream infections caused by VRE in Italy is due to the spread of a hospital-adapted, multidrug-resistant VREfm clone belonging to an internationally disseminated lineage.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.43.4.1575-1580.2005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,6]],"date-time":"2005-04-06T23:32:50Z","timestamp":1112830370000},"page":"1575-1580","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Clonal Spread of a Vancomycin-Resistant\n            <i>Enterococcus faecium<\/i>\n            Strain among Bloodstream-Infecting Isolates in Italy"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Lucia","family":"Stampone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Parassitarie ed Immunomediate"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Del Grosso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Parassitarie ed Immunomediate"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Delia","family":"Boccia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Nazionale di Epidemiologia, Sorveglienza e Promozione della Salute, Istituto Superiore di Sanita\u0300, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annalisa","family":"Pantosti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Parassitarie ed Immunomediate"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.45.7.2054-2059.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/10766290152652792"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/1076629041310046"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2004.04.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/502410"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/322615"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2000.6.313"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2001.tb10758.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-144-11-3049"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/514640"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkg063"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/318126"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.6.1963-1971.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.5.1781-1787.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1605(03)00190-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","unstructured":"National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. 2002. 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