{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T12:41:48Z","timestamp":1762864908771},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,1]],"date-time":"2005-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1112313600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Large-scale surveillance studies using molecular techniques such as pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) have revealed that the spread of antibiotic-resistant pneumococci is due to clonal spread. However, in Japan, surveillance studies using such molecular techniques have never been done. Therefore, we conducted a pilot surveillance study to elucidate the present situation in Japan. Among the 145 isolates examined, the most prevalent serotype was type 19F (20%), for which most isolates were not susceptible to penicillin (86.2%) but were positive for the\n            <jats:italic>mef<\/jats:italic>\n            (A)\/\n            <jats:italic>mef<\/jats:italic>\n            (E) gene (89.7%). The secondmost prevalent was serotype 3 (16.6%), for which most isolates were susceptible to penicillin (87.5%) and positive for the\n            <jats:italic>erm<\/jats:italic>\n            (B) gene (91.7%). PFGE analysis showed that both serotypes consisted mainly of clonally identical or related isolates and, in particular, 38% of the type 19F isolates were indistinguishable from or closely related to the Taiwan 19F-14 clone. In addition, some of the Japanese type 23F isolates with the\n            <jats:italic>erm<\/jats:italic>\n            (B) gene were indistinguishable from or related to the Taiwan 23F-15 clone as analyzed by PFGE. Based on the results of our pilot study performed in a single institution, it is likely that international antibiotic-resistant clones have already spread in Japan; therefore, a nationwide surveillance study should be urgently conducted.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.43.4.1640-1645.2005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,6]],"date-time":"2005-04-06T23:32:50Z","timestamp":1112830370000},"page":"1640-1645","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Clonal Dissemination of Macrolide-Resistant and Penicillin-Susceptible Serotype 3 and Penicillin-Resistant Taiwan 19F-14 and 23F-15\n            <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/i>\n            Isolates in Japan: a Pilot Surveillance Study"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Kei","family":"Kasahara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Internal Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Koichi","family":"Maeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keiichi","family":"Mikasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Infectious Diseases"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenji","family":"Uno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Internal Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ken","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Internal Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mitsuru","family":"Konishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Infectious Diseases"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eiichiro","family":"Yoshimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Infectious Diseases"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Koichi","family":"Murakawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Central Clinical Laboratory"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eiji","family":"Kita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Kimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Internal Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02013089"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/341072"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199907223410403"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-200004000-00033"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.10229"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.2.764-768.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11150\/kansenshogakuzasshi1970.58.39"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/315853"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","first-page":"264","year":"1967","unstructured":"Hansman, D., and M. 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