{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T11:22:55Z","timestamp":1791285775392,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,1]],"date-time":"2005-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1122854400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Serologic and molecular evidence of\n            <jats:italic>Anaplasma phagocytophilum<\/jats:italic>\n            has been demonstrated in white-tailed deer (WTD;\n            <jats:italic>Odocoileus virginianus<\/jats:italic>\n            ), and deer are an important host for the tick vector\n            <jats:italic>Ixodes scapularis<\/jats:italic>\n            . In this study, we describe experimental infection of WTD with\n            <jats:italic>A. phagocytophilum<\/jats:italic>\n            . We inoculated four WTD with a human isolate of\n            <jats:italic>A. phagocytophilum<\/jats:italic>\n            propagated in tick cells. Two additional deer served as negative controls. All inoculated deer developed antibodies (titers, \u226564) to\n            <jats:italic>A. phagocytophilum<\/jats:italic>\n            , as determined by an indirect fluorescent antibody test, between 14 and 24 days postinfection [p.i.]), and two deer maintained reciprocal titers of \u226564 through the end of the 66-day study. Although morulae were not observed in granulocytes and\n            <jats:italic>A. phagocytophilum<\/jats:italic>\n            was not reisolated via tick cell culture of blood, 16S reverse transcriptase nested PCR (RT-nPCR) results indicated that\n            <jats:italic>A. phagocytophilum<\/jats:italic>\n            circulated in peripheral blood of three deer through at least 17 days p.i. and was present in two deer at 38 days p.i. Femoral bone marrow from one deer was RT-nPCR positive for\n            <jats:italic>A. phagocytophilum<\/jats:italic>\n            at 66 days p.i. There was no indication of clinical disease. These data confirm that WTD are susceptible to infection with a human isolate of\n            <jats:italic>A. phagocytophilum<\/jats:italic>\n            and verify that WTD produce detectable antibodies upon exposure to the organism. Because adults are the predominant life stage of\n            <jats:italic>I. scapularis<\/jats:italic>\n            found on deer and because adult\n            <jats:italic>I. scapularis<\/jats:italic>\n            ticks do not transmit\n            <jats:italic>A. phagocytophilum<\/jats:italic>\n            transovarially, it is unlikely that WTD are a significant source of\n            <jats:italic>A. phagocytophilum<\/jats:italic>\n            for immature ticks even though deer have a high probability of natural infection. However, the susceptibility and immunologic response of WTD to\n            <jats:italic>A. phagocytophilum<\/jats:italic>\n            render them suitable candidates as natural sentinels for this zoonotic tick-borne organism.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.43.8.3595-3601.2005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,4]],"date-time":"2005-08-04T22:25:57Z","timestamp":1123194357000},"page":"3595-3601","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Experimental Infection of White-Tailed Deer with\n            <i>Anaplasma phagocytophilum<\/i>\n            , Etiologic Agent of Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Cynthia M.","family":"Tate","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel G.","family":"Mead","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Page","family":"Luttrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth W.","family":"Howerth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vivien G.","family":"Dugan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study"},{"name":"Warnell School of Forest Resources, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrike G.","family":"Munderloh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William R.","family":"Davidson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"89","volume":"127","year":"1996","unstructured":"Aguero-Rosenfeld, M. 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