{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]],"date-time":"2025-08-06T13:23:50Z","timestamp":1754486630170},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,1]],"date-time":"2005-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1125532800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) or sleeping sickness is a disease characterized by a hemolymphatic stage 1 followed by a meningoencephalitic stage 2 which is fatal without specific treatment. Furthermore, due to the toxicity of drugs used to treat stage 2 (mainly melarsoprol) accurate staging is required. Actual criteria employed during field surveys are not sensitive enough for precise staging. Antineurofilament (anti-NF) and antigalactocerebrosides (anti-GalC) antibodies have been identified in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as potential markers of central nervous system (CNS) involvement. We describe a dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (dot-ELISA) to detect anti-GalC and anti-NF antibodies and its value in staging. NF- and GalC-dotted nitrocellulose strips were first developed in our laboratory. They were then evaluated in Angola and Central African Republic on 140 CSF samples. Compared to our staging criteria (i.e., CSF cell count \u2265 20 cells\/\u03bcl, CSF immunoglobulin M concentration \u2265 100 mg\/liter, and\/or the presence of trypanosomes in the CSF), combined detection of both CSF anti-NF and CSF anti-GalC by dot-ELISA showed 83.2% sensitivity and 100.0% specificity. Dot-ELISA could be a useful test to diagnose CNS involvement in HAT in the less-equipped laboratories or in the field situation and to improve patient treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.43.9.4789-4795.2005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,6]],"date-time":"2005-09-06T21:58:02Z","timestamp":1126043882000},"page":"4789-4795","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Dot Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for More Reliable Staging of Patients with Human African Trypanosomiasis"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Bertrand","family":"Courtioux","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Equipe Accueil 3174 \u201cNeuroparasitologie et neuroe\u0301pide\u0301miologie tropicale,\u201d Institut d'e\u0301pide\u0301miologie neurologique et de neurologie tropicale, Faculty of Medicine, Limoges, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sylvie","family":"Bisser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Centre International de Recherche Me\u0301dicale de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pascal","family":"M'Belesso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Ho\u0302pital de l'Amitie\u0301, Bangui, Central African Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edgard","family":"Ngoungou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Equipe Accueil 3174 \u201cNeuroparasitologie et neuroe\u0301pide\u0301miologie tropicale,\u201d Institut d'e\u0301pide\u0301miologie neurologique et de neurologie tropicale, Faculty of Medicine, Limoges, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Murielle","family":"Girard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Equipe Accueil 3174 \u201cNeuroparasitologie et neuroe\u0301pide\u0301miologie tropicale,\u201d Institut d'e\u0301pide\u0301miologie neurologique et de neurologie tropicale, Faculty of Medicine, Limoges, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Auguste","family":"Nangouma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programme National de Lutte contre la Trypanosomose Humaine Africaine (PNLTHA), Ministe\u0300re de la Sante\u0301 Publique, Bangui, Central African Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"The\u0301ophile","family":"Josenando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Combate e Controlo das Tripanossomiases (ICCT), Ministe\u0301rio da Sau\u0301de, Luanda, Angola"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marie-Odile","family":"Jauberteau-Marchan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Equipe Accueil 3842 \u201cHome\u0301ostasie cellulaire et pathologies,\u201d Faculty of Medicine, Limoges, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bernard","family":"Bouteille","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Equipe Accueil 3174 \u201cNeuroparasitologie et neuroe\u0301pide\u0301miologie tropicale,\u201d Institut d'e\u0301pide\u0301miologie neurologique et de neurologie tropicale, Faculty of Medicine, Limoges, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1992.47.652"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00927888"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","first-page":"1","volume":"57","year":"1997","unstructured":"Ayed, Z., I. 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