{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T10:34:10Z","timestamp":1770719650789,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,1]],"date-time":"2006-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1136073600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Five hundred seventeen consecutive nasopharyngeal aspirates were collected between October 1998 and May 1999 for episodes of acute respiratory tract infections in children presenting at the University Hospital of Antwerp. Culture and nucleic acid amplification techniques\u2014nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA) and reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR)\u2014were applied to detect rhinoviruses (RVs). Other respiratory viruses were detected by immunofluorescence (IF) analysis of the specimens and IF analysis of shell vial cultures. Among the 517 specimens, 219 viral agents were identified. They were, in decreasing order, rhinoviruses (93 [18.0%]), respiratory syncytial virus (76 [14.7%]), adenoviruses (16 [3.1%]), influenza viruses (15 [2.9%]), enteroviruses (15 [2.9%]), and herpes simplex virus (4 [0.8%]). For the evaluation of rhinovirus detection, culture positivity and\/or a positive reaction in the two independent amplification methods was used as an expanded \u201cgold standard.\u201d Based on this standard, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of culture were 44.7, 100, 100, and 99.8%, and those of NASBA and RT-PCR were 85.1, 98.3, 83.3, and 98.5% and 82.9, 93.4, 55.7, and 98.2%, respectively. NASBA and RT-PCR produced comparable results and were significantly more sensitive than virus culture. RVs showed the highest incidence in acute respiratory tract infections in children.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.44.1.166-171.2006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,3]],"date-time":"2006-01-03T18:43:05Z","timestamp":1136313785000},"page":"166-171","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Detection of Rhinoviruses by Tissue Culture and Two Independent Amplification Techniques, Nucleic Acid Sequence-Based Amplification and Reverse Transcription-PCR, in Children with Acute Respiratory Infections during a Winter Season"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"K.","family":"Loens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Goossens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"de Laat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"bioMe\u0301rieux, Boxtel, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Foolen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"bioMe\u0301rieux, Boxtel, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Oudshoorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"bioMe\u0301rieux, Boxtel, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Pattyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Sillekens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"bioMe\u0301rieux, Boxtel, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Ieven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.3.524-530.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.64.3.1117-1123.1990"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(88)80380-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.35.11.2864-2868.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.9.2813-2816.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.28.3.495-503.1990"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.59.4.310"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/25.3.654"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9071(199612)50:4<293::AID-JMV3>3.0.CO;2-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/516137"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-0934(91)90027-W"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","first-page":"879","volume":"151","year":"1995","unstructured":"Fraenkel, D. 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