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For the diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses have shown promising results. Thus, the end of the small subunit and internal transcribed spacer 1 of the rRNA genes were sequenced and targeted by PCR-RFLP analysis in the 10 main New World (NW)<jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>species from the two subgenera. Then, the procedure was tested on 40 samples from patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis, and its results were compared with those of conventional methods. (i) The results of this simple genus-specific method were in agreement with those of previous isoenzyme analyses. (ii) This method distinguished the most medically relevant<jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>species with only one enzyme (RsaI). (iii) This method could be performed directly on human biopsy specimens (sensitivity of\u200285.7%). Performing NW<jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>species typing rapidly and easily in the field constitutes a very valuable improvement for detection of<jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>spp. Revealing great diversity with several enzymes, this method could also be useful for taxonomic, ecological, and epidemiological studies in space and time.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.44.2.459-467.2006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,2]],"date-time":"2006-02-02T18:33:16Z","timestamp":1138905196000},"page":"459-467","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Use of PCR-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis To Identify the Main New World<i>Leishmania<\/i>Species and Analyze Their Taxonomic Properties and Polymorphism by Application of the Assay to Clinical Samples"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Brice","family":"Rotureau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Hospitalo-universitaire de Parasitologie et Mycologie Me\u0301dicale, Equipe EA 3593, UFR de Me\u0301decine de l'Universite\u0301 des Antilles et de la Guyane, Cayenne, Guyane Franc\u0327aise"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christophe","family":"Ravel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre National de Re\u0301fe\u0301rence des Leishmania, UMR 5093 CNRS and Universite\u0301 de Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Couppie\u0301","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Dermatologie, Centre Hospitalier Andre\u0301e Rosemon, Cayenne, Guyane Franc\u0327aise"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francine","family":"Pratlong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre National de Re\u0301fe\u0301rence des Leishmania, UMR 5093 CNRS and Universite\u0301 de Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathieu","family":"Nacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Hospitalo-universitaire de Parasitologie et Mycologie Me\u0301dicale, Equipe EA 3593, UFR de Me\u0301decine de l'Universite\u0301 des Antilles et de la Guyane, Cayenne, Guyane Franc\u0327aise"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Pierre","family":"Dedet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre National de Re\u0301fe\u0301rence des Leishmania, UMR 5093 CNRS and Universite\u0301 de Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernard","family":"Carme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Hospitalo-universitaire de Parasitologie et Mycologie Me\u0301dicale, Equipe EA 3593, UFR de Me\u0301decine de l'Universite\u0301 des Antilles et de la Guyane, Cayenne, Guyane Franc\u0327aise"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2002.66.329"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","first-page":"19","volume":"5","year":"2001","unstructured":"Basset, D., F. 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