{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T10:20:54Z","timestamp":1761128454232},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,1]],"date-time":"2006-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1138752000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Throat swabs are regarded as the \u201cgold standard\u201d for diagnosing streptococcal pharyngitis and for surveillance research. Culturing throats in remote tropical settings is logistically difficult, and these settings are commonly burdened by high rates of streptococcal disease. The survival of streptococci on swabs may depend on whether they are of \u201cthroat\u201d or \u201cskin\u201d type, as determined by\n            <jats:italic>emm<\/jats:italic>\n            pattern typing. The aims of this study were to compare the recovery rates of beta-hemolytic streptococci (BHS) using three different transport methods and to determine whether the recovery rates correlated with the\n            <jats:italic>emm<\/jats:italic>\n            pattern type. Monthly duplicate throat swabs were taken from occupants of selected households in three remote Aboriginal communities. Paired swabs were separated and handled in one of three ways: (i) direct inoculation onto culture media with cold-box transport (plated), (ii) sealed in a bag with a silica gel desiccant and cold-box transport (desiccant), and (iii) transport at ambient temperature and humidity (ambient).\n            <jats:italic>emm<\/jats:italic>\n            pattern typing was done by standard methods. Over 23 months, 4,842 throat swabs were taken, and 4,122 were paired. BHS were recovered on 11.5% of the 4,842 occasions (group A, 4.5%; group C, 1.7%; group G, 5.4%). Results from paired swabs showed the plated method was superior to desiccant and desiccant was better than ambient. Pooled data indicated that plated and desiccant were equivalent, and both were significantly better than ambient. There was no correlation between the\n            <jats:italic>emm<\/jats:italic>\n            pattern type and recovery of group A streptococci by different methods. In tropical and remote settings, cold-box transport with desiccant and subsequent inoculation of culture plates in the laboratory is a practical alternative to direct plating.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.44.2.547-552.2006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,2]],"date-time":"2006-02-02T18:33:16Z","timestamp":1138905196000},"page":"547-552","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Recovering Streptococci from the Throat, a Practical Alternative to Direct Plating in Remote Tropical Communities"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Malcolm","family":"McDonald","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tropical and Emerging Infectious Diseases Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Towers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tropical and Emerging Infectious Diseases Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Fagan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tropical and Emerging Infectious Diseases Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melita","family":"McKinnon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tropical and Emerging Infectious Diseases Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Norma","family":"Benger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tropical and Emerging Infectious Diseases Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ross","family":"Andrews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for International Child Health, University of Melbourne Department of Paediatrics, Royal Children's Hospital, and Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bart J.","family":"Currie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tropical and Emerging Infectious Diseases Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Carapetis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for International Child Health, University of Melbourne Department of Paediatrics, Royal Children's Hospital, and Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.30.8.2135-2138.1992"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/am.24.1.31-33.1972"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/173.4.896"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/315842"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199705000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)66874-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/23.3.442"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.11.4207-4210.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022172400063403"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215100090848"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","first-page":"144","volume":"119","year":"2004","unstructured":"Danchin, M. 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