{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T19:09:31Z","timestamp":1790968171974,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,1]],"date-time":"2006-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1141171200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Methicillin-resistant\n            <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n            (MRSA) clones harboring the toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (\n            <jats:italic>tst<\/jats:italic>\n            ) gene have been detected in France and in Switzerland since 2002. During a passive survey conducted between 2002 and 2003, we collected 103\n            <jats:italic>tst-<\/jats:italic>\n            positive\n            <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n            isolates from 42 towns in France, of which 27 were resistant to methicillin. The\n            <jats:italic>tst-<\/jats:italic>\n            positive MRSA belonged to two clones: a major clone comprising 25 isolates of sequence type (ST) 5 and\n            <jats:italic>agr<\/jats:italic>\n            group 2 and a minor clone comprising two isolates of ST30 and\n            <jats:italic>agr3<\/jats:italic>\n            . The\n            <jats:italic>tst<\/jats:italic>\n            -positive MRSA clones were associated with both hospital-acquired (12 cases) and community-acquired (8 cases) infections. The MRSA clones were mainly isolated from children (overall median age, 3 years). They caused a variety of clinical syndromes, including toxic shock syndrome and suppurative infections. Both clones were found to harbor a type IV staphylococcal chromosomal cassette\n            <jats:italic>mec<\/jats:italic>\n            (SCC\n            <jats:italic>mec<\/jats:italic>\n            ) and to have similar antibiotic resistance profiles (usually resistant to oxacillin, kanamycin, and tobramycin and with intermediate resistance to fusidic acid). The origin of these clones is unclear. The\n            <jats:italic>tst<\/jats:italic>\n            -positive\n            <jats:italic>agr2<\/jats:italic>\n            MRSA clone has the same sequence type (ST5) of two pandemic nosocomial MRSA clones, namely, the Pediatric clone and the New York\/Japan clone. These findings suggest that all these clones are phylogenetically related. The pulsotype of the\n            <jats:italic>tst<\/jats:italic>\n            -positive MRSA clones differed from that of methicillin-sensitive\n            <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n            (MSSA) clones by a single band involving the SCC\n            <jats:italic>mec<\/jats:italic>\n            element. These findings suggest that the\n            <jats:italic>tst<\/jats:italic>\n            -positive MRSA clones may have emerged from their respective MSSA counterparts.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.44.3.847-853.2006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,3]],"date-time":"2006-03-03T22:28:19Z","timestamp":1141424899000},"page":"847-853","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":116,"title":["Detection of New Methicillin-Resistant\n            <i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i>\n            Clones Containing the Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin 1 Gene Responsible for Hospital- and Community-Acquired Infections in France"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Geraldine","family":"Durand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre National de Re\u0301fe\u0301rence des Staphylocoques, Faculte\u0301 Laennec, INSERM E0230, IFR62, 7 Rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miche\u0300le","family":"Bes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre National de Re\u0301fe\u0301rence des Staphylocoques, Faculte\u0301 Laennec, INSERM E0230, IFR62, 7 Rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helene","family":"Meugnier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre National de Re\u0301fe\u0301rence des Staphylocoques, Faculte\u0301 Laennec, INSERM E0230, IFR62, 7 Rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark C.","family":"Enright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom BA2 7AY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franc\u0327oise","family":"Forey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre National de Re\u0301fe\u0301rence des Staphylocoques, Faculte\u0301 Laennec, INSERM E0230, IFR62, 7 Rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadia","family":"Liassine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioanalytique-Riotton, Unilabs, 1211 Geneva 2, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aline","family":"Wenger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Bacte\u0301riologie Me\u0301dicale, Centre Hospitalier Vaudois, CHUV BH 19S-230 CH 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ken","family":"Kikuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerard","family":"Lina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre National de 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