{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T06:12:28Z","timestamp":1789711948331,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,1]],"date-time":"2006-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1141171200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The objectives of this study were to collect and characterize epidemic meningococcal isolates from Ethiopia from 2002 to 2003 and to compare them to 21 strains recovered during the previous large epidemic of 1988 to 1989. Ninety-five patients in all age groups with clinical signs of meningitis and a turbid cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sample were included in the study of isolates from 2002 to 2003. Seventy-one patients (74.7%) were confirmed as having\n            <jats:italic>Neisseria meningitidis<\/jats:italic>\n            either by culture (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 40) or by\n            <jats:italic>porA<\/jats:italic>\n            PCR (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 31) of their CSF. The overall case fatality rate (CFR) was 11.6%; the\n            <jats:italic>N. meningitidis<\/jats:italic>\n            -specific CFR was 4.2%. All 40 strains were fully susceptible to all antibiotics tested except sulfonamide, were serotyped as A:4\/21:P1.20,9, and belonged to sequence type 7 (ST-7). The strains from 1988 to 1989 were also equally susceptible and were characterized as A:4\/21:P1.20,9, but they belonged to ST-5. Antigenic characterization of the strains revealed differences in the repertoire of lipooligosaccharides and Opa proteins between the old and the recent strains. PCR analysis of the nine\n            <jats:italic>lgt<\/jats:italic>\n            genes revealed the presence of the\n            <jats:italic>lgtAHFG<\/jats:italic>\n            genes in both old and recent strains;\n            <jats:italic>lgtB<\/jats:italic>\n            was present in only some of the strains, but no correlation with sequence type was observed. Further analysis showed that in addition to their\n            <jats:italic>pgm<\/jats:italic>\n            alleles, the Ethiopian ST-5 and ST-7 strains also differed in their\n            <jats:italic>tbpB<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>opa<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>fetA<\/jats:italic>\n            , and\n            <jats:italic>lgtA<\/jats:italic>\n            genes. The occurrence of new antigenic structures in strains sharing the same serogroup, PorA, and PorB may help explain the replacement of ST-5 by ST-7 in the African meningitis belt.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.44.3.861-871.2006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,3]],"date-time":"2006-03-03T22:28:19Z","timestamp":1141424899000},"page":"861-871","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Characterization of\n            <i>Neisseria meningitidis<\/i>\n            Isolates from Recent Outbreaks in Ethiopia and Comparison with Those Recovered during the Epidemic of 1988 to 1989"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Gunnstein","family":"Norheim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Disease Control, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Einar","family":"Rosenqvist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Disease Control, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abraham","family":"Aseffa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed Ahmed","family":"Yassin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region Health Bureau, Awassa, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Getahun","family":"Mengistu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gondar College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Afework","family":"Kassu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gondar College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dereje","family":"Fikremariam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sidamo Regional Hospital, Yirgalem, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wegene","family":"Tamire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sidamo Regional Hospital, Yirgalem, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. Arne","family":"H\u00f8iby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Disease Control, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsegaye","family":"Alebel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North Gondar Zone Health Bureau, Gondar, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Degu","family":"Berhanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yarid","family":"Merid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region Health Bureau, Awassa, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morten","family":"Harboe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia"},{"name":"Institute of Immunology, University of Oslo and Rikshospitalet University Hospital, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominique A.","family":"Caugant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Disease Control, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Oral Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/165.1.53"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0703.017309"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.20.1.55-58.1984"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.200400946"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2002.tb00633.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","first-page":"499","volume":"77","year":"1999","unstructured":"Campagne, G., A. 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