{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T00:00:04Z","timestamp":1793664004053,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,1]],"date-time":"2006-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1143849600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Intrauterine infection is a recognized cause of preterm birth. The infectious organisms are believed to originate primarily from the vaginal tract and secondarily from other parts of the body. It is plausible that microbes in the oral cavity can be transmitted to the pregnant uterus. However, direct evidence supporting such a transmission is lacking. In this study, amniotic fluids of 34 pregnant women were examined by PCR using 16S and 23S rRNA universally conserved primers. Bacterial DNA was amplified from the only patient with clinical intrauterine infection and histologic necrotizing acute and chronic chorioamnionitis. One strain,\n            <jats:italic>Bergeyella<\/jats:italic>\n            sp. clone AF14, was detected and was 99.7% identical to a previously reported uncultivated oral\n            <jats:italic>Bergeyella<\/jats:italic>\n            strain, clone AK152, at the 16S rRNA level. The same strain was detected in the subgingival plaque of the patient but not in her vaginal tract. The 16S-23S rRNA sequence of clone AF14 matched exactly with the sequences amplified from the patient's subgingival plaque. These observations suggest that the\n            <jats:italic>Bergeyella<\/jats:italic>\n            strain identified in the patient's intrauterine infection originated from the oral cavity. This is the first direct evidence of oral-utero microbial transmission. The patient's periodontal health during pregnancy was unclear. She did not have detectable periodontal disease during postpartum examination.\n            <jats:italic>Bergeyella<\/jats:italic>\n            spp. had not been previously associated with preterm birth and were detected in subgingival plaque of women without clinical levels of intrauterine infection. Uncultivated species may be overlooked opportunistic pathogens in preterm birth. This study sheds new light on the implication of oral bacteria in preterm birth.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.44.4.1475-1483.2006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,6]],"date-time":"2006-04-06T13:42:51Z","timestamp":1144330971000},"page":"1475-1483","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":126,"title":["Transmission of an Uncultivated\n            <i>Bergeyella<\/i>\n            Strain from the Oral Cavity to Amniotic Fluid in a Case of Preterm Birth"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Yiping W.","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Biological Sciences"},{"name":"Pathology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akihiko","family":"Ikegami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Biological Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nabil F.","family":"Bissada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Periodontics"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Herbst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raymond W.","family":"Redline","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graham G.","family":"Ashmead","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Developmental Biology"},{"name":"Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.11.5721-5732.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","first-page":"69","volume":"149","year":"2003","unstructured":"Akcali, K. 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