{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T20:02:33Z","timestamp":1791576153474,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,1]],"date-time":"2006-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1146441600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Invasive disease due to\n            <jats:italic>Corynebacterium diphtheriae<\/jats:italic>\n            is rare in North America. Here we describe the emergence of a predominant clone of a nontoxigenic strain of\n            <jats:italic>C. diphtheriae<\/jats:italic>\n            in the impoverished population of Vancouver's downtown core. This clone has caused significant morbidity and contributed to at least two deaths. Over a 5-year period, seven cases of bacteremia due to\n            <jats:italic>C. diphtheriae<\/jats:italic>\n            were detected in patients admitted to Vancouver hospitals. Injection drug use, diabetes mellitus, skin colonization\/infection with\n            <jats:italic>C. diphtheriae<\/jats:italic>\n            , and homelessness all appeared to be related to the development of bacteremia with the organism. Ribotyping of isolates recovered from blood culture revealed a predominant ribotype pattern that has not previously been reported in North America.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.44.5.1625-1629.2006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,4]],"date-time":"2006-05-04T02:48:14Z","timestamp":1146710894000},"page":"1625-1629","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["Emergence of an Invasive Clone of Nontoxigenic\n            <i>Corynebacterium diphtheriae<\/i>\n            in the Urban Poor Population of Vancouver, Canada"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"M. G.","family":"Romney","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada"},{"name":"St. Paul's Hospital, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. L.","family":"Roscoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada"},{"name":"Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Bernard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Protection Agency Centre for Infections, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Efstratiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Protection Agency Centre for Infections, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. M.","family":"Clarke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada"},{"name":"St. Paul's Hospital, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196901162800304"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0723-2020(96)80026-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","first-page":"329","volume":"108","year":"1973","unstructured":"Cockroft, W., W. Boyko, and D. Allen. 1973. Cutaneous infections due to Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Can. Med. Assoc. J.108:329-331.","journal-title":"Can. Med. Assoc. 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