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To identify the mechanisms responsible for this protracted pattern of infection, we developed an infant infection murine model using the well-characterized lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) WE strain in 2-week-old BALB\/c mice. In contrast to adult mice, in which viral clearance occurred as expected 8 days after infection, LCMV titers persisted for several weeks after infection of infant mice. LCMV-specific effector CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cells were elicited in infant mice and fully functional on day 7 but rapidly waned and could not be recovered from day 12 onwards. We show here that this results from the failure of LCMV-specific CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cells to expand and the absence of protective LCMV-specific memory CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cells. Under these early life conditions, viral control and clearance are eventually achieved only through LCMV-specific B cells that contribute to protect infant mice from early death or chronic infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.00062-07","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,10]],"date-time":"2007-05-10T00:39:06Z","timestamp":1178757546000},"page":"7338-7350","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Protracted Course of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus WE Infection in Early Life: Induction but Limited Expansion of CD8<sup>+<\/sup>Effector T Cells and Absence of Memory CD8<sup>+<\/sup>T Cells"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Elodie","family":"Belnoue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Vaccinology and Neonatal Immunology, Departments of Pathology-Immunology and Pediatrics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Fontannaz-Bozzotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Vaccinology and Neonatal Immunology, Departments of Pathology-Immunology and Pediatrics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ste\u0301phane","family":"Grillet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Vaccinology and Neonatal Immunology, Departments of Pathology-Immunology and Pediatrics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul-Henri","family":"Lambert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Vaccinology and Neonatal Immunology, Departments of Pathology-Immunology and Pediatrics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claire-Anne","family":"Siegrist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Vaccinology and Neonatal Immunology, Departments of Pathology-Immunology and Pediatrics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2004.02504.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1394"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1550"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.68.7.4700-4704.1994"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5408","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.151.10.5408","volume":"151","year":"1993","unstructured":"Battegay, M., D. 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