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However, no human vaccine has been yet approved. One of the most effective live-attenuated vaccines was empirically obtained by serial passaging of wild-type yellow fever\n            <jats:italic>Flavivirus<\/jats:italic>\n            . However, such an approach is not acceptable nowadays, and the development of a rationally designed vaccine is necessary. Generating molecular infectious clones and mutating specific residues known to be involved in\n            <jats:italic>Flavivirus<\/jats:italic>\n            virulence constitute a powerful tool to promote viral attenuation. WNV membrane glycoprotein is thought to carry such essential determinants. Here, we identified two residues of this protein whose substitutions are key to the full and stable attenuation of WNV\n            <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            , most likely through inhibition of secretion and possible alteration of morphology. Applied to other flaviviruses, this approach should help in designing new vaccines against these viruses, which are an increasing threat to global human health.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.00086-20","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,3]],"date-time":"2020-04-03T14:02:26Z","timestamp":1585922546000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["A Molecular Determinant of West Nile Virus Secretion and Morphology as a Target for Viral Attenuation"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Justine","family":"Basset","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur, Arbovirus Group, Environment and Infectious Risks Unit, Paris, France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cit\u00e9, Cellule Pasteur, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julien","family":"Burlaud-Gaillard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plateforme IBISA de Microscopie Electronique, PST ASB, Universit\u00e9 de Tours and CHRU de Tours, Tours, France"},{"name":"INSERM U1259, Universit\u00e9 de Tours and CHRU de Tours, Tours, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maxence","family":"Feher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Urgent Response to Biological Threats, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Roingeard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plateforme IBISA de Microscopie Electronique, PST ASB, Universit\u00e9 de Tours and CHRU de Tours, Tours, France"},{"name":"INSERM U1259, Universit\u00e9 de Tours and CHRU de Tours, Tours, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F\u00e9lix A.","family":"Rey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur, Structural Virology Unit, Paris, France"},{"name":"CNRS UMR 3569, Virologie, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathalie","family":"Pardigon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur, Arbovirus Group, Environment and Infectious Risks Unit, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/376230"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-3670-0_1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(02)00660-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/cdg270"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1067"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.80283-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2009.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1153264"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2014.09.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1928"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01176-15"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aam7120"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2010.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.82023-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/14760584.4.4.553"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-76-11-2749"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M114.610428"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-00024-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10495-009-0394-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.19163-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.24.13975-13986.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-1702(89)90095-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-1-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ento.53.103106.093258"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","unstructured":"ECDC. 2018. 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