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However, the mechanisms underlying the induction of type I IFNs in response to LCMV infection have not yet been clearly defined. In the present study, we demonstrate that IRF7 is required for both the early phase (day 1 postinfection) and the late phase (day 2 postinfection) of the type I IFN response to LCMV, and melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5)\/mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) signaling is crucial for the late phase of the type I IFN response to LCMV. We further demonstrate that LCMV genomic RNA itself (without other LCMV components) is able to induce type I IFN responses in various cell types by activation of the RNA helicases retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) and MDA5. We also show that expression of the LCMV nucleoprotein (NP) inhibits the type I IFN response induced by LCMV RNA and other RIG-I\/MDA5 ligands. These virus-host interactions may play important roles in the pathogeneses of LCMV and other human arenavirus diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.00155-10","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,30]],"date-time":"2010-06-30T22:14:51Z","timestamp":1277936091000},"page":"9452-9462","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":127,"title":["Induction and Inhibition of Type I Interferon Responses by Distinct Components of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Shenghua","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna M.","family":"Cerny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"An","family":"Zacharia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine A.","family":"Fitzgerald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evelyn A.","family":"Kurt-Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert W.","family":"Finberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.160.2.521"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2776(01)78001-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1391"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1792"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-0934(91)90018-U"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.189.8.1315"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20011672"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01783"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/emmm.200900014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.525"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni921"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0408707102"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05732"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.2000.0756"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0603082103"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000734"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2006-0283RC"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.R700002200"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03464"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3713","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.150.9.3713","volume":"150","year":"1993","unstructured":"Ishikawa, R., and C. 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