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Human vaccine trials, using the cross-reactive glycoproteins B and D, have shown no protection against genital HSV-2 infection or disease. In this study, the mature form of glycoprotein G (mgG-2) of HSV-2 was used for immunization of mice, either alone or in combination with adjuvant CpG, followed by an intravaginal challenge with a lethal dose of a fully virulent HSV-2 strain. Mice immunized with mgG-2 plus CpG showed low disease scores and a significantly higher survival rate (73%) than mice immunized with mgG-2 alone (20%) or controls (0%). Accordingly, limited numbers of infectious HSV-2 particles were detected in the spinal cord of mice immunized with mgG-2 plus CpG. The observed protection was associated with a gamma interferon (IFN-\u03b3) response by splenic CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cells upon antigen restimulation<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>and in vaginal washes 1 day postinfection. The majority of sera collected from mice immunized with mgG-2 plus CpG showed macrophage-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent complement-mediated cytolysis, while no neutralization activity was observed. In conclusion, we have shown that immunization with the type-specific mgG-2 protein in combination with CpG could elicit protective immunity against an otherwise lethal vaginal HSV-2 challenge. The mgG-2 protein may therefore constitute a promising HSV-2 vaccine antigen to be considered for future human trials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.00186-12","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,3]],"date-time":"2012-05-03T01:53:16Z","timestamp":1336009996000},"page":"7544-7553","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Glycoprotein G of Herpes Simplex Virus 2 as a Novel Vaccine Antigen for Immunity to Genital and Neurological Disease"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Staffan","family":"G\u00f6rander","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, Institute of Biomedicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali M.","family":"Harandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madelene","family":"Lindqvist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomas","family":"Bergstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, Institute of Biomedicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan-\u00c5ke","family":"Liljeqvist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, Institute of Biomedicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01528-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.37.3.1132-1137.1982"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.54.3.825-832.1985"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.61.4.1125-1135.1987"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1103151"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0890-8508(92)90070-E"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2009.06.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199708213370801"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/174.5.899"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1359-6101(02)00044-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2007.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2004.03.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.330.6002.304"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.4.331"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8456300"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.2000.0298"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.79978-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199710163371601"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000198081.09337.a7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.5.3451"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.2000.0185"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-82-4-845"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0897.2001.d01-34.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20082039"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/172.4.1108"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.2340\/0001555554479485","article-title":"On the occurrence of genital herpes simplex virus infection. 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