{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T20:50:37Z","timestamp":1789419037184,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,15]],"date-time":"2012-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1339718400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Virol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Swine influenza virus (SIV) H3N2 with triple reassorted internal genes (TRIG) has been enzootic in Unites States since 1998. Transmission of the 2009 pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1) virus to pigs in the United States was followed by reassortment with endemic SIV, resulting in reassorted viruses that include novel H3N2 genotypes (rH3N2p). Between July and December 2011, 12 cases of human infections with swine-lineage H3N2 viruses containing the pandemic matrix (pM) gene [A(H3N2)v] were detected. Whole-genome analysis of H3N2 viruses isolated from pigs from 2009 to 2011 sequenced in this study and other available H3N2 sequences showed six different rH3N2p genotypes present in the U.S. swine population since 2009. The presence of the pM gene was a common feature among all rH3N2p genotypes, but no specific genotype appeared to predominate in the swine population. We compared the pathogenic, transmission, genetic, and antigenic properties of a human A(H3N2)v isolate and two swine H3N2 isolates, H3N2-TRIG and rH3N2p. Our\n            <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            study detected no increased virulence in A(H3N2)v or rH3N2p viruses compared to endemic H3N2-TRIG virus. Antibodies to cluster IV H3N2-TRIG and rH3N2p viruses had reduced cross-reactivity to A(H3N2)v compared to other cluster IV H3N2-TRIG and rH3N2p viruses. Genetic analysis of the hemagglutinin gene indicated that although rH3N2p and A(H3N2)v are related to cluster IV of H3N2-TRIG, some recent rH3N2p isolates appeared to be forming a separate cluster along with the human isolates of A(H3N2)v. Continued monitoring of these H3N2 viruses is necessary to evaluate the evolution and potential loss of population immunity in swine and humans.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.00197-12","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,6]],"date-time":"2012-04-06T01:00:57Z","timestamp":1333674057000},"page":"6804-6814","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Pathogenicity and Transmission in Pigs of the Novel A(H3N2)v Influenza Virus Isolated from Humans and Characterization of Swine H3N2 Viruses Isolated in 2010-2011"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Pravina","family":"Kitikoon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Virus and Prion Disease Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA-ARS, Ames, Iowa, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy L.","family":"Vincent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virus and Prion Disease Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA-ARS, Ames, Iowa, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phillip C.","family":"Gauger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virus and Prion Disease Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA-ARS, Ames, Iowa, USA"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah N.","family":"Schlink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virus and Prion Disease Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA-ARS, Ames, Iowa, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darrell O.","family":"Bayles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA-ARS, Ames, Iowa, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie R.","family":"Gramer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Darnell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard J.","family":"Webby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly M.","family":"Lager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virus and Prion Disease Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA-ARS, Ames, Iowa, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabrina L.","family":"Swenson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Veterinary Services Laboratories, USDA-APHIS, Ames, Iowa, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Klimov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Disease, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(05)80360-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/23.24.4992"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2011. 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