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Like many other viruses, enteroviruses must counteract antiviral cellular responses to establish an infection. It has been suggested that enterovirus proteases cleave cellular factors to perturb antiviral pathways, but the exact contribution of viral proteases 2A\n            <jats:sup>pro<\/jats:sup>\n            and 3C\n            <jats:sup>pro<\/jats:sup>\n            remains elusive. Here, we show that 2A\n            <jats:sup>pro<\/jats:sup>\n            , but not 3C\n            <jats:sup>pro<\/jats:sup>\n            , of all four human EV species (EV-A to EV-D) inhibits SG formation and IFN-\u03b2 gene transcription. Our observations suggest that enterovirus 2A\n            <jats:sup>pro<\/jats:sup>\n            has a conserved function in counteracting antiviral host responses and thereby is the main enterovirus \u201csecurity protein.\u201d Understanding the molecular mechanisms of enterovirus immune evasion strategies may help to develop countermeasures to control infections with these viruses.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.00222-19","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,8]],"date-time":"2019-03-08T11:14:02Z","timestamp":1552043642000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":82,"title":["Essential Role of Enterovirus 2A Protease in Counteracting Stress Granule Formation and the Induction of Type I Interferon"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Linda J.","family":"Visser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martijn A.","family":"Langereis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huib H.","family":"Rabouw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Wahedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elke M.","family":"Muntjewerff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raoul J.","family":"de Groot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank J. 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