{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,11]],"date-time":"2026-11-11T00:47:41Z","timestamp":1794358061433,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,1]],"date-time":"2011-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1306886400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Virol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The host determinants that contribute to attenuation of the naturally occurring nonpathogenic strain of West Nile virus (WNV), the Kunjin strain (WNV\n            <jats:sub>KUN<\/jats:sub>\n            ), remain unknown. Here, we show that compared to a highly pathogenic North American strain, WNV\n            <jats:sub>KUN<\/jats:sub>\n            exhibited an enhanced sensitivity to the antiviral effects of type I interferon. Our studies establish that the virulence of WNV\n            <jats:sub>KUN<\/jats:sub>\n            can be restored in cells and mice deficient in specific interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) or the common type I interferon receptor. Thus, WNV\n            <jats:sub>KUN<\/jats:sub>\n            is attenuated primarily through its enhanced restriction by type I interferon- and IRF-3-dependent mechanisms.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.00232-11","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,17]],"date-time":"2011-03-17T00:40:36Z","timestamp":1300322436000},"page":"5664-5668","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["The Naturally Attenuated Kunjin Strain of West Nile Virus Shows Enhanced Sensitivity to the Host Type I Interferon Response"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Stephane","family":"Daffis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen M.","family":"Lazear","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen Jun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Audsley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia"},{"name":"Present address: Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Engle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander A.","family":"Khromykh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael S.","family":"Diamond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110"},{"name":"Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110"},{"name":"Pathology &amp; Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.12.8403"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.2002.1372"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.13.8339-8347.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00316-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.0030106"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00918-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000607"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jir.2009.0069"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.76.11.5532-5539.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","first-page":"253","article-title":"The ecology and epidemiology of Kunjin virus","volume":"267","author":"Hall R. 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