{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T22:26:46Z","timestamp":1788474406253,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,15]],"date-time":"2011-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1310688000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Virol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Mumps virus (MuV) is highly neurotropic and was the leading cause of aseptic meningitis in the Western Hemisphere prior to widespread use of live attenuated MuV vaccines. Due to the absence of markers of virus neuroattenuation and neurovirulence, ensuring mumps vaccine safety has proven problematic, as demonstrated by the occurrence of aseptic meningitis in recipients of certain vaccine strains. Here we examined the genetic basis of MuV neuroattenuation and neurovirulence by generating a series of recombinant viruses consisting of combinations of genes derived from a cDNA clone of the neurovirulent wild-type 88-1961 strain (r88) and from a cDNA clone of the highly attenuated Jeryl Lynn vaccine strain (rJL). Testing of these viruses in rats demonstrated the ability of several individual rJL genes and gene combinations to significantly neuroattenuate r88, with the greatest effect imparted by the rJL nucleoprotein\/matrix protein combination. Interestingly, no tested combination of r88 genes, including the nucleoprotein\/matrix protein combination, was able to convert rJL into a highly neurovirulent virus, highlighting mechanistic differences between processes involved in neuroattenuation and neurovirulence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.00245-11","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,5]],"date-time":"2011-05-05T03:33:06Z","timestamp":1304566386000},"page":"7059-7069","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Gene-Specific Contributions to Mumps Virus Neurovirulence and Neuroattenuation"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Christian J.","family":"Sauder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"DVP\/Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheryl X.","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DVP\/Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurie","family":"Ngo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DVP\/Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kellie","family":"Werner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DVP\/Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ken","family":"Lemon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, The Queen's University of Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. Paul","family":"Duprex","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, The Queen's University of Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine and National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02118"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tahir","family":"Malik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DVP\/Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn","family":"Carbone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Bethesda, Maryland 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven A.","family":"Rubin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DVP\/Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/biol.1999.0174"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.2000.0556"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0407639101"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.1980050406"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0954-6820.1943.tb09179.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00128-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.73.1.251-259.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.70.12.8988-8992.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","first-page":"1527","volume-title":"Fields virology","author":"Carbone K. 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