{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T06:50:52Z","timestamp":1793429452815,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758585600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758585600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011643","name":"Blavatnik Family Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011643","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI148574,75N93021C00014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI148574,75N93021C00014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004851","name":"New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004851","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016027","name":"NYU Grossman School of Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Virol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>The 2022 global outbreak of clade IIb mpox was the first major outbreak of mpox outside of African nations. To control the outbreak, public health officials began vaccination campaigns using the third-generation orthopoxvirus vaccine modified vaccinia Ankara from Bavarian Nordic (MVA-BN). Prior to this outbreak, the durability of monkeypox virus (MPXV)-specific immunity induced by MVA-BN was poorly understood. In 2022, we launched the New York City Observational Study of Mpox Immunity (NYC OSMI, NCT05654883), a longitudinal study of 171 participants comprising MVA-BN vaccines and mpox convalescent individuals. Peripheral blood sampling was performed at intervals including prior to vaccination, after one dose, and after the second dose. MVA-BN vaccinees with and without a history of smallpox vaccination demonstrated detectable MPXV-specific memory B cells at 1-year post-vaccination. Additionally, MVA-BN increased MPXV neutralizing titers in smallpox vaccine-na\u00efve vaccinees, with a comparable maximum titer reached in na\u00efve and smallpox vaccine-experienced vaccinees. However, neutralizing titers returned to baseline within 5\u20137 months for na\u00efve individuals, while remaining elevated in those with prior smallpox vaccination. Both na\u00efve and experienced individuals generated robust IgG responses against MPXV H3 and A35, but na\u00efve vaccinees\u2019 IgG responses showed lower avidity than experienced vaccinees. These data highlight a low avidity antibody response elicited by MVA-BN that is short-lived in na\u00efve vaccinees. This work supports the need for long-term studies on protection induced by MVA-BN, including the potential need for booster doses as well as the development of next-generation orthopoxvirus vaccines.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The ongoing outbreaks of mpox demonstrate the continuing threat of orthopoxviruses to global health. While previous orthopoxvirus vaccines generated lifelong antibody and cellular immunity, we show here that the current mpox vaccine, MVA-BN or JYNNEOS, fails to induce durable antibody immunity in individuals with no prior smallpox vaccination. This raises the important question of whether MVA-BN vaccinees have long-term protection from mpox. Our work highlights the need for further studies into the durability of protection generated by MVA-BN as well as whether subsequent booster doses are necessary to maintain protection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.00253-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]],"date-time":"2025-04-14T12:17:51Z","timestamp":1744633071000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["The two-dose MVA-BN mpox vaccine induces a nondurable and low avidity MPXV-specific antibody response"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"99","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3300-0333","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aaron L.","family":"Oom","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0190ak572","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"New York University Langone Vaccine Center, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine","place":["New York, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kesi K.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0190ak572","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"New York University Langone Vaccine Center, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine","place":["New York, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miilani","family":"Yonatan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0190ak572","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"New York University Langone Vaccine Center, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine","place":["New York, 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Langone Vaccine Center, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine","place":["New York, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yusra","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0190ak572","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"New York University Langone Vaccine Center, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine","place":["New York, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashley L.","family":"DuMont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0190ak572","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"New York University Langone Vaccine Center, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine","place":["New York, USA"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02r3e0967","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, St. 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