{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T20:18:15Z","timestamp":1771273095334,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,1]],"date-time":"2011-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1306886400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Virol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The 288-nucleotide (nt) 3\u2032 untranslated region (UTR) in the genome of the bovine coronavirus (BCoV) and 339-nt 3\u2032 UTR in the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus (SCoV) can each replace the 301-nt 3\u2032 UTR in the mouse hepatitis coronavirus (MHV) for virus replication, thus demonstrating common 3\u2032\n            <jats:italic>cis<\/jats:italic>\n            -replication signals. Here, we show that replacing the 209-nt MHV 5\u2032 UTR with the \u223c63%-sequence-identical 210-nt BCoV 5\u2032 UTR by reverse genetics does not yield viable virus, suggesting 5\u2032 end signals are more stringent or possibly are not strictly 5\u2032 UTR confined. To identify potential smaller, 5\u2032-common signals, each of three stem-loop (SL) signaling domains and one inter-stem-loop domain from the BCoV 5\u2032 UTR was tested by replacing its counterpart in the MHV genome. The SLI\/II domain (nucleotides 1 to 84) and SLIII domain (nucleotides 85 to 141) each immediately enabled near-wild-type (wt) MHV-like progeny, thus behaving similarly to comparable 5\u2032-proximal regions of the SCoV 5\u2032 UTR as shown by others. The inter-stem-loop domain (nt 142 to 173 between SLs III and IV) enabled small plaques only after genetic adaptation. The SLIV domain (nt 174 to 210) required a 16-nt extension into BCoV open reading frame 1 (ORF1) for apparent stabilization of a longer BCoV SLIV (nt 174 to 226) and optimal virus replication. Surprisingly, pleiomorphic SLIV structures, including a terminal loop deletion, were found among debilitated progeny from intra-SLIV chimeras. The results show the inter-stem-loop domain to be a potential novel species-specific\n            <jats:italic>cis<\/jats:italic>\n            -replication element and that\n            <jats:italic>cis<\/jats:italic>\n            -acting SLIV in the viral genome extends into ORF1 in a manner that stabilizes its lower stem and is thus not 5\u2032 UTR confined.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.00263-11","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,24]],"date-time":"2011-03-24T02:04:54Z","timestamp":1300932294000},"page":"5593-5605","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["An Optimal\n            <i>cis<\/i>\n            -Replication Stem-Loop IV in the 5\u2032 Untranslated Region of the Mouse Coronavirus Genome Extends 16 Nucleotides into Open Reading Frame 1"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Bo-Jhih","family":"Guan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Microbiology, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-0845"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hung-Yi","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathobiology, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-0845"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Brian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Microbiology, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-0845"},{"name":"Pathobiology, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-0845"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Coronavirus genome structure and replication","volume":"287","author":"Brian D. 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