{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T03:15:35Z","timestamp":1762917335551,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,15]],"date-time":"2011-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1310688000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Virol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Alcelaphine herpesvirus 1<\/jats:named-content>(AlHV-1), carried by wildebeest asymptomatically, causes malignant catarrhal fever (WD-MCF) when cross-species transmitted to a variety of susceptible species of the<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Artiodactyla<\/jats:named-content>order. Experimentally, WD-MCF can be reproduced in rabbits. WD-MCF is described as a combination of lymphoproliferation and degenerative lesions in virtually all organs and is caused by unknown mechanisms. Recently, we demonstrated that WD-MCF is associated with the proliferation of CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>cells supporting a latent type of infection in lymphoid tissues. Here, we investigated the macroscopic distribution of AlHV-1 infection using<jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic>bioluminescence imaging in rabbit to determine whether it correlates with the distribution of lesions in lymphoid and nonlymphoid organs. To reach that goal, a recombinant AlHV-1 strain was produced by insertion of a luciferase expression cassette (<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">luc<\/jats:named-content>) in an intergenic region.<jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>, the reconstituted AlHV-1<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">luc<\/jats:named-content><jats:sup><jats:italic>+<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup>strain replicated comparably to the parental strain, and luciferase activity was detected by bioluminescence imaging.<jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic>, rabbits infected with the AlHV-1<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">luc<\/jats:named-content><jats:sup><jats:italic>+<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup>strain developed WD-MCF comparably to rabbits infected with the parental wild-type strain, with hyperthermia and increases of both CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cell frequencies and viral genomic charge over time in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and in lymph nodes at time of euthanasia. Bioluminescent imaging revealed that AlHV-1 infection could be detected<jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic>in lymphoid organs but also in lung, liver, and kidney during WD-MCF, demonstrating that AlHV-1 infection is prevalent in tissue lesions. Finally, we show that the infiltrating mononuclear leukocytes in nonlymphoid organs are mainly CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cells and that latency is predominant during WD-MCF.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.00286-11","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,19]],"date-time":"2011-05-19T02:24:46Z","timestamp":1305771886000},"page":"6941-6954","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["<i>Ex Vivo<\/i>Bioluminescence Detection of Alcelaphine Herpesvirus 1 Infection during Malignant Catarrhal Fever"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Dewals","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Immunology-Vaccinology (B43b), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Li\u00e8ge, B-4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7oise","family":"Myster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Immunology-Vaccinology (B43b), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Li\u00e8ge, B-4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leonor","family":"Palmeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Immunology-Vaccinology (B43b), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Li\u00e8ge, B-4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laurent","family":"Gillet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Immunology-Vaccinology (B43b), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Li\u00e8ge, B-4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mathias","family":"Ackermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Virology, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alain","family":"Vanderplasschen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Immunology-Vaccinology (B43b), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Li\u00e8ge, B-4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2007.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2006.10.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.018242-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9975(92)90021-L"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2005.12.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.106.11.243"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1985.46.06.1231","article-title":"Ultrastructure of cellular changes in the replication of the alcelaphine herpesvirus-1 of malignant catarrhal fever","volume":"46","author":"Castro A. 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