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Bacteriophages (phages) rely on tail fibers for host recognition and infection, but the mechanisms of how phages recognize their bacterial hosts are not completely elucidated. In this study, two lytic\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. sakazakii<\/jats:italic>\n                      phages belonging to the\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Drexlerviridae<\/jats:italic>\n                      family, CRES7 and CRES9, were isolated from sewage in South Korea. The genomes of both phages are almost the same, with only two nucleotide differences in the gene encoding a putative tail fiber, causing two amino acid differences at amino acid residues 400 and 550 of the tail fiber. The predicted structure of the tail fiber revealed that the two amino acid residues are located on the surface of the tail fiber, suggesting that these two amino acid residues may affect receptor binding. These amino acid differences resulted in differential host ranges, adsorption rates, and burst sizes of CRES7 and CRES9; CRES7, which could infect only the\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. sakazakii<\/jats:italic>\n                      serotype O1 strain, exhibited a higher adsorption rate and larger burst size compared to CRES9, whereas CRES9 could infect both serotypes O1 and O3 strains. These findings provide insights into how the mutations in the tail fiber gene contribute to the fitness of phages within natural environments and help develop phage-based strategies with expanded host range or enhanced specificity for targeted biocontrol of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. sakazakii<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>\n                        Accurate recognition and attachment to the bacterial host, mediated by tail fibers, are crucial for successful phage infection. Understanding the mechanisms underlying host specificity of phages is essential for developing targeted biocontrol applications. This study identified specific amino acid residues responsible for host specificity in the tail fibers of two newly isolated\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Cronobacter sakazakii<\/jats:italic>\n                        phages, CRES7 and CRES9. Differences in these residues showed variation in O serotype recognition, leading to differences in host range, adsorption efficiency, and burst size. These findings provide valuable insights into tail fiber-mediated host specificity, facilitating the development of more effective phage-based strategies against\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. sakazakii<\/jats:italic>\n                        .\n                      <\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.00289-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]],"date-time":"2025-04-11T09:00:26Z","timestamp":1744362026000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Amino acid residues in the tail fiber differentiate the host specificity of\n                    <i>Cronobacter sakazakii<\/i>\n                    bacteriophage"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"99","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4699-0399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eunshin","family":"Cho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinshil","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Carbohydrate Bioproduct Research Center, Sejong University","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4813-748X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nam-Chul","family":"Ha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5812-3394","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sangryeol","family":"Ryu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Research 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