{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T03:48:52Z","timestamp":1772250532550,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,15]],"date-time":"2012-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1326585600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Virol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Sequence analysis of duck hepatitis virus type 1 (DHV-1) led to its classification as the only member of a new genus,\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Avihepatovirus<\/jats:named-content>\n            , of the family\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Picornaviridae<\/jats:named-content>\n            , and so was renamed duck hepatitis A virus (DHAV). The 5\u2032 untranslated region (5\u2032 UTR) plays an important role in translation initiation and RNA synthesis of the picornavirus. Here, we provide evidence that the 651-nucleotide (nt)-long 5\u2032 UTR of DHAV genome contains an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) element that functions efficiently\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            and within BHK cells. Comparative sequence analysis showed that the 3\u2032 part of the DHAV 5\u2032 UTR is similar to the porcine teschovirus 1 (PTV-1) IRES in sequence and predicted secondary structure. Further mutational analyses of the predicted domain IIId, domain IIIe, and pseudoknot structure at the 3\u2032 end of the DHAV IRES support our predicted secondary structure. However, unlike the case for the PTV-1 IRES element, analysis of various deletion mutants demonstrated that the optimally functional DHAV IRES element with a size of approximately 420 nt is larger than that of PTV-1 and contains other peripheral domains (Id and Ie) that do not exist within the type IV IRES elements. The domain Ie, however, could be removed without significant loss of activity. Surprisingly, like the hepatitis A virus (HAV) IRES element, the activity of DHAV IRES could be eliminated by expression of enterovirus 2A protease. These findings indicate that the DHAV IRES shares common features with type IV picornavirus IRES elements, whereas it exhibits significant differences from type IV IRESs. Therefore, we propose that DHAV possesses a distinct type IV IRES element of picornavirus.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.00306-11","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,17]],"date-time":"2011-11-17T12:27:45Z","timestamp":1321532865000},"page":"1129-1144","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Duck Hepatitis A Virus Possesses a Distinct Type IV Internal Ribosome Entry Site Element of Picornavirus"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Meng","family":"Pan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaorong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinna","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinhua","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dabing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hanchun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.75.17.7854-7863.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01957-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2008.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","first-page":"869","volume-title":"Translational control of gene expression","author":"Belsham GJ","year":"2000","unstructured":"BelshamGJ JacksonRJ. 2000. 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