{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T23:58:13Z","timestamp":1778975893475,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,15]],"date-time":"2007-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1195084800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Virol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Vaccinia virus (VACV) has been attracting attention recently not only as a vector for various vaccines but also as an immunization tool against smallpox because of its potential use as a bioterrorism agent. It has become evident that in spite of a long history of studies of VACV, its tissue pathogenesis remains to be fully understood. Here, we investigated the pathogenesis of VACV and its interactions with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in the context of human lymphoid tissues. We found that ex vivo-cultured tonsillar tissue supports productive infection by the New York City Board of Health strain, the VACV strain of the Dryvax vaccine. VACV readily infected both T and non-T (B) lymphocytes and depleted cells of both of these subsets equally over a 12-day period postinfection. Among T lymphocytes, CD8\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            cells are preferentially depleted in accordance with their preferential infection: the probability that a CD8\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            T cell will be productively infected is almost six times higher than for a CD4\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            T cell. T cells expressing CCR5 and the activation markers CD25, CD38, and HLA-DR are other major targets for infection by VACV in lymphoid tissue. As a consequence, VACV predominantly inhibits the replication of the R5\n            <jats:sub>SF162<\/jats:sub>\n            phenotype of HIV-1 in coinfected tissues, as R5-tropic HIV-1 requires activated CCR5\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            CD4\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            cells for productive infection. Human lymphoid tissue infected ex vivo by VACV can be used to investigate interactions of VACV with other viruses, in particular HIV-1, and to evaluate various VACV vectors for the purpose of recombinant vaccine development.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.00326-07","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,6]],"date-time":"2007-09-06T01:01:38Z","timestamp":1189040498000},"page":"12458-12464","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Interactions between Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 and Vaccinia Virus in Human Lymphoid Tissue Ex Vivo"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Christophe","family":"Vanpouille","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biophysics, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland 20892"},{"name":"The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20037"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ange\u0301lique","family":"Biancotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biophysics, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland 20892"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Lisco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biophysics, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland 20892"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beda","family":"Brichacek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biophysics, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland 20892"},{"name":"The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20037"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.1991.tb01585.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1058915"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra020025"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.12.4652-4658.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.8.5567"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000145122.58420.CO"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.22.12379"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.16.10397-10407.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/519689"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copbio.2004.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02331"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1295-1320"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0398-346"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/430743"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1101-1232"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.74.17.8077-8084.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/6565"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.15.8280-8289.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)92689-Y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-01-0248"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.17.11151-11160.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01367-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03501"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","first-page":"2849","year":"2001","unstructured":"Moss, B. 2001. Poxviridae: the viruses and their replication, p. 2849-2883. In D. M. Knipe, P. M. Howley, D. E. Griffin, R. A. Lamb, M. A. Martin, B. Roizman, and S. E. Straus (ed.), Fields virology, 4th ed. Lippincott-Raven Publishers, Philadelphia, PA.","journal-title":"Fields virology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2005.09.037"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.5.1940-1946.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","first-page":"641","volume":"4","year":"1991","unstructured":"Picard, O., J. Lebas, J. C. Imbert, P. Bigel, and D. Zagury. 1991. Complication of intramuscular\/subcutaneous immune therapy in severely immune-compromised individuals. J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr.4:641-643.","journal-title":"J. Acquir. Immune Defic. 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