{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T16:35:12Z","timestamp":1791909312354,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,1]],"date-time":"2011-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1309478400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Virol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), a mosquito-borne phlebovirus, has been detected in Madagascar since 1979, with occasional outbreaks. In 2008 to 2009, a large RVFV outbreak was detected in Malagasy livestock and humans during two successive rainy seasons. To determine whether cases were due to enzootic maintenance of the virus within Madagascar or to importation from the East African mainland, nine RVFV whole genomic sequences were generated for viruses from the 1991 and 2008 Malagasy outbreaks. Bayesian coalescent analyses of available whole S, M, and L segment sequences were used to estimate the time to the most recent common ancestor for the RVFVs. The 1979 Madagascar isolate shared a common ancestor with strains on the mainland around 1972. The 1991 Madagascar isolates were in a clade distinct from that of the 1979 isolate and shared a common ancestor around 1987. Finally, the 2008 Madagascar viruses were embedded within a large clade of RVFVs from the 2006\u20132007 outbreak in East Africa and shared a common ancestor around 2003 to 2004. These results suggest that the most recent Madagascar outbreak was caused by a virus likely arriving in the country some time between 2003 and 2008 and that this outbreak may be an extension of the 2006\u20132007 East African outbreak. Clustering of the Malagasy sequences into subclades indicates that the viruses have continued to evolve during their short-term circulation within the country. These data are consistent with the notion that RVFV outbreaks in Madagascar result not from emergence from enzootic cycles within the country but from recurrent virus introductions from the East African mainland.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.00335-11","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,21]],"date-time":"2011-04-21T20:14:32Z","timestamp":1303416872000},"page":"6162-6167","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Genetic Evidence for Rift Valley Fever Outbreaks in Madagascar Resulting from Virus Introductions from the East African Mainland rather than Enzootic Maintenance"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Serena A.","family":"Carroll","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MS G-14"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Marc","family":"Reynes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, BP 1274, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina L.","family":"Khristova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotechnology Core Facility Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30333"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soa Fy","family":"Andriamandimby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, BP 1274, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre E.","family":"Rollin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MS G-14"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stuart T.","family":"Nichol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MS G-14"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1606.091266"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0806490106"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01519-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02095-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","unstructured":"CorsoB.\nPintoJ.\nBeltrain-AlcrudoD.\nDe SimoneL.\nLubrothJ.. April 2008. FAO EMPRES Watch. Rift Valley fever outbreaks in Madagascar and potential risks to neighbouring countries. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Rome Italy. ftp:\/\/ftp.fao.org\/docrep\/fao\/011\/aj213e\/aj213e00.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1700340418"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","first-page":"941","article-title":"Rainfall and epizootic Rift Valley fever","volume":"63","author":"Davies F. G.","year":"1985","unstructured":"DaviesF. G. LinthicumK. J. JamesA. D.. 1985. Rainfall and epizootic Rift Valley fever. Bull. World Health Organ. 63:941\u2013943.","journal-title":"Bull. World Health Organ."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.08.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0040088"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2148-7-214"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)99624-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Etude des circuits de vecteurs d'arbovirus \u00e0 Madagascar","volume":"55","author":"Fontenille D.","year":"1989","unstructured":"FontenilleD. 1989. Etude des circuits de vecteurs d'arbovirus \u00e0 Madagascar. Arch. Inst. Pasteur Madagascar 55:1\u2013317.","journal-title":"Arch. Inst. Pasteur Madagascar"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","first-page":"543","article-title":"SEAVIEW and PHYLO_WIN: two graphic tools for sequence alignment and molecular phylogeny","volume":"12","author":"Galtier N.","year":"1996","unstructured":"GaltierN. GouyM. GautierC.. 1996. SEAVIEW and PHYLO_WIN: two graphic tools for sequence alignment and molecular phylogeny. Comput. Appl. Biosci. 12:543\u2013548.","journal-title":"Comput. Appl. Biosci."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gki198"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.285.5426.397"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","first-page":"125","article-title":"Rift Valley fever and Zinga virus: a pathogenic arbovirus in man and animal new for Madagascar","volume":"51","author":"Mathiot C.","year":"1984","unstructured":"MathiotC. RibotJ. J. ClercY. CoulangesP. RasolofonirinaN.. 1984. Rift Valley fever and Zinga virus: a pathogenic arbovirus in man and animal new for Madagascar. Arch. Inst. Pasteur Madagascar 51:125\u2013133.","journal-title":"Arch. Inst. Pasteur Madagascar"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2010.09-0318"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(91)90178-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0923-2516(91)90070-J"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(92)90329-B"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0923-2516(06)80134-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/14.9.817"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2010.0031"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","first-page":"1741","volume-title":"Fields virology","author":"Schmaljohn C. S.","year":"2007","unstructured":"SchmaljohnC. S. NicholS. T.. 2007. Bunyaviridae, p. 1741\u20131789. In KnipeD. M. HowleyP. M. GriffinD. E. LambR. A. MartinM. A. RoizmanB. StrausS. E. (ed.), Fields virology, 5th ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA.","edition":"5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0030263"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2008.78.333"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1504.081045"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","first-page":"53","volume-title":"NICD Annual Report 2008","author":"Special Pathogens Unit, National Institute for Communicable Diseases","year":"2008","unstructured":"Special Pathogens Unit, National Institute for Communicable Diseases. 2008. Outbreak of Rift Valley fever in South Africa, 2008, p. 53\u201354. In NICD Annual Report 2008. National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.molbev.a003872"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","first-page":"169","article-title":"Outbreaks of Rift Valley fever in Kenya, Somalia and United Republic of Tanzania, December 2006\u2013April 2007","volume":"82","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2007","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 2007. Outbreaks of Rift Valley fever in Kenya, Somalia and United Republic of Tanzania, December 2006\u2013April 2007. Wkly. Epidemiol. Rec. 82:169\u2013178.","journal-title":"Wkly. Epidemiol. Rec."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.19182\/remvt.9646"}],"container-title":["Journal of Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JVI.00335-11","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JVI.00335-11","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,5]],"date-time":"2022-03-05T11:13:49Z","timestamp":1646478829000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/JVI.00335-11"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,7]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/JVI.00335-11"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jvi.00335-11","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-538X","1098-5514"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-538X","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5514","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2011-02-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2011-04-08","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2011-06-09","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}