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In the case of African swine fever virus vaccine candidates, this issue has received little attention. Attenuated viruses have proven protective following short immunization protocols in which pigs were challenged a few weeks after the first immunization. Here, the duration of immunity and the immune responses induced over a duration of 130\u2009days were studied during prechallenge and after challenge of pigs immunized with the naturally attenuated isolate OURT88\/3 and an attenuated gene-deleted isolate, Benin\u0394MGF. After a single intramuscular immunization of domestic pigs with the OURT88\/3 isolate or Benin\u0394MGF virus, animals were not protected against challenge with the virulent Benin 97\/1 ASFV genotype I isolate at day 130 postimmunization. The levels of regulatory T cells and IL-10 were elevated at the end of the experiment, suggesting that regulatory components of the immune system may inhibit effective protection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.00350-20","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,4]],"date-time":"2020-05-04T14:11:39Z","timestamp":1588601499000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Absence of Long-Term Protection in Domestic Pigs Immunized with Attenuated African Swine Fever Virus Isolate OURT88\/3 or Benin\u0394MGF Correlates with Increased Levels of Regulatory T Cells and Interleukin-10"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"94","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7202-6475","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro J.","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Cord\u00f3n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Pirbright Institute, Woking, Surrey, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamara","family":"Jabbar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Pirbright Institute, Woking, Surrey, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dave","family":"Chapman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Pirbright Institute, Woking, Surrey, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda K.","family":"Dixon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Pirbright Institute, Woking, Surrey, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Montoya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Pirbright Institute, Woking, Surrey, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaciones Biol\u00f3gicas (CIB), CSIC, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.001049"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01293-18"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.13047"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2411.181274"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","unstructured":"OIE-World Organization for Animal Health. 2019. 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